标题： 恒星耀斑、超级耀斑和日冕物质抛射——进入大数据时代 显示英文标题

标题： Stellar flares, superflares and coronal mass ejections -- entering the Big data era

摘要： 耀斑有时伴随日冕物质抛射（CMEs），是恒星磁场突然变化的结果，通过磁重联释放高能，可以在从无线电波到光学范围再到X射线的宽广电磁光谱中观测到。 在我们的观测综述中，我们尝试收集一些基本的新结果，这些结果在很大程度上可以与由于过去二十年空间测光观测扩展而到来的大数据时代相关联。 我们列出了显示耀斑活动的不同类型恒星，它们的观测策略，并讨论了它们的主要恒星特性如何与所发射的耀斑（甚至CMEs）的特征相关。 我们的目标是专注于那些可能以某种方式挑战基于太阳范式的“标准”耀斑模型的结果，而不声称是全面的。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Flares, sometimes accompanied by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are the result of sudden changes in the magnetic field of stars with high energy release through magnetic reconnection, which can be observed across a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to the optical range to X-rays. In our observational review, we attempt to collect some fundamental new results, which can largely be linked to the Big data era that has arrived due to the expansion of space photometric observations of the last two decades. We list the different types of stars showing flare activity, their observation strategies, and discuss how their main stellar properties relate to the characteristics of the flares (or even CMEs) they emit. Our goal is to focus, without claiming to be complete, on those results that may in one way or another challenge the "standard" flare model based on the solar paradigm.