标题： (2+1)维格点规范理论中的量子计算普适热化动力学 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum Computing Universal Thermalization Dynamics in a (2+1)D Lattice Gauge Theory

摘要： 模拟强相互作用量子多体系统中的非平衡现象（包括热化）是近期和未来量子计算的一项有前景的应用。 通过在由全连接的光学控制囚禁离子组成的数字量子计算机上进行实验，我们研究了纠缠在二维时空的$Z_2$ 显示英文摘要

摘要： Simulating non-equilibrium phenomena in strongly-interacting quantum many-body systems, including thermalization, is a promising application of near-term and future quantum computation. By performing experiments on a digital quantum computer consisting of fully-connected optically-controlled trapped ions, we study the role of entanglement in the thermalization dynamics of a $Z_2$ lattice gauge theory in 2+1 spacetime dimensions. Using randomized-measurement protocols, we efficiently learn a classical approximation of non-equilibrium states that yields the gap-ratio distribution and the spectral form factor of the entanglement Hamiltonian. These observables exhibit universal early-time signals for quantum chaos, a prerequisite for thermalization. Our work, therefore, establishes quantum computers as robust tools for studying universal features of thermalization in complex many-body systems, including in gauge theories.