标题： 针对核子的第一性原理轻规范哈密顿量 显示英文标题

标题： Towards a first principles light-front Hamiltonian for the nucleon

摘要： 我们首次通过基于光锥量子化的一种完全相对论和非微扰的方法，求解了核子的波函数，而无需显式的束缚势。 这些本征态针对三个夸克、三个夸克-胶子和三个夸克-反夸克的福克表示进行确定，使其适用于低分辨率探测。 由此，我们计算了核子的夸克和胶子物质密度、自旋方向和横向分布，这些结果与实验提取结果在定性上一致。 我们还计算了夸克和胶子自旋对质子自旋的贡献以及张量电荷。 获得的光锥波函数代表了在纵向和横向动量空间中对各种强子分布函数进行统一描述的重要进展。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We solve the nucleon's wave functions from the eigenstates of the light-front quantum chromodynamics Hamiltonian for the first time, using a fully relativistic and nonperturbative approach based on light-front quantization, without an explicit confining potential. These eigenstates are determined for the three-quark, three-quark-gluon, and three-quark-quark-antiquark Fock representations, making them suitable for low-resolution probes. From this, we calculate the nucleon's quark and gluon matter densities, helicity, and transversity distributions, which show qualitative consistency with experimental extractions. We also compute the contributions of quark and gluon helicity to the proton spin and the tensor charges. The obtained light-front wave functions represent a significant advancement towards a unified description of various hadron distribution functions in both longitudinal and transverse momentum space.