标题： 附近超新星激波传播导致地球上生物遭受宇宙射线急剧增加 显示英文标题

标题： Sharp Rise in Cosmic Ray Irradiation of Organisms on Earth Caused by a Nearby SN Shockwave Passage

摘要： 这项工作研究了附近超新星（SN）通过冲击波加速的宇宙射线（CRs）对地球生物圈的影响建模问题。 地球辐射背景的升高源于宇宙射线高能粒子的外部照射以及由宇宙生成的 ${}^{14}$C 衰变在生物体内产生的内部辐射。 我们考虑到当冲击波穿越太阳系时，地球附近的宇宙射线通量急剧上升，而此前的工作中宇宙射线的传播被认为是纯粹的扩散。 我们的模拟表明，大气级联粒子对外部环境的电离在地球表面显著增加，这些粒子能够穿透水下70-100米。 此外，宇宙生成的 ${}^{14}$C 衰变能够照射整个生物圈和深海生物。 我们分析了突变率可能的增加，并估计了地球与超新星之间的距离，在该距离处，辐射的致命影响是可能发生的。 我们的模拟显示，对于大约 $10^{51}$ erg 的超新星能量，致命距离可以达到 $\sim$ 18秒差距。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The work considers the modelling of nearby supernova (SN) effects on Earth's biosphere via cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by shockwaves. The rise of the radiation background on Earth resulted from the external irradiation by CR high-energy particles and internal radiation in organisms by the decay of cosmogenic ${}^{14}$C is evaluated. We have taken into account that the CR flux near Earth goes up steeply when the shockwave crosses the Solar System, while in previous works the CR transport was considered as purely diffusive. Our simulations demonstrate a high rise of the external ionization of the environments at Earth's surface by atmospheric cascade particles that penetrate the first 70-100 m of water depth. Also, the cosmogenic ${}^{14}$C decay is able to irradiate the entire biosphere and deep ocean organisms. We analyzed the probable increase in mutation rate and estimated the distance between Earth and an SN, where the lethal effects of irradiation are possible. Our simulations demonstrate that for SN energy of around $10^{51}$ erg the lethal distance could be $\sim$ 18 pc.