标题： 在宇宙射线背景下的超高能中微子搜索 显示英文标题

标题： Search for UHE neutrinos in the background of cosmic rays

摘要： 超高能（UHE）中微子探测的主要挑战是在由超高能原子核引发的 Shower 背景中区分由中微子引发的 Shower。中微子引发的 Shower 发展过程表现出与强子引发的 Shower 不同的特征，因为中微子比强子更深入地穿透大气层。 本研究专注于模拟超过$75^\circ$仰角的高倾斜中微子引发 Shower，探索从$1 \text{EeV}$到$120 \text{EeV}$的广泛能量范围。这些模拟 Shower 对应于每个仰角具有不同的相互作用深度范围，呈现出多样的探测挑战。 我们的方法利用了无线电天线的时间数据来计算由中微子和原子核引发的广延大气 Shower 的前缘。此外，我们结合了来自水切伦科夫探测器的信号以及在水切伦科夫探测器和无线电天线中记录信号的站点的空间分布。 我们旨在通过利用采用基尼不纯度方法的决策树分类器对中微子引发的 Shower 和源自原子核的背景事件进行分类。我们的框架在分离中微子和背景方面表现出极高的准确性。 本研究的结果在 UHE 中微子探测领域提供了重要的进展，揭示了与这些难以捉摸的粒子相关的天体物理现象，同时在 UHE 原子核复杂的背景中提供了新的见解。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The main challenge in detecting ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos is discriminating a neutrino-induced shower in the background of showers initiated by ultra-high energy nuclei. The resulting shower development from neutrinos exhibits different characteristics from hadron-induced showers because neutrinos penetrate the atmosphere more deeply than hadrons. This study focuses on simulations of highly inclined neutrino-induced showers above $75^\circ$ zenith angles, exploring an extensive energy range from $1 \text{EeV}$ to $120 \text{EeV}$. These simulated showers have different ranges of interaction depths corresponding to each zenith angle, presenting diverse detection challenges. Our methodology utilises timing data from radio antennas for the shower front calculation for extensive air showers induced by neutrinos and nuclei. Furthermore, we incorporate signals obtained from Water Cherenkov detectors and the spatial distribution of stations registering signals in both Water Cherenkov detectors and radio antennas. We aim to classify neutrino-induced showers and background events stemming from nuclei by harnessing a decision tree classifier employing the Gini impurity method. Our framework yields excellent accuracy for separating the neutrinos from the background. The findings of this study offer significant advancements in the domain of UHE neutrino detection, shedding light on astrophysical phenomena associated with these elusive particles amidst the complex background of UHE nuclei.