标题： 关于北半球CMB实验各向异性宇宙双折射约束的预测 显示英文标题

标题： Forecasts on Anisotropic Cosmic Birefringence Constraints for CMB Experiment in the Northern Hemisphere

摘要： 通过宇宙微波背景（CMB）实验研究宇宙双折射是宇宙学和粒子物理学中的一个关键研究领域，为检验洛伦兹和CPT对称性提供了重要测试。 本文聚焦于北半球中纬度即将进行的一项CMB实验，并探讨了检测宇宙双折射各向异性的潜力。 通过对模拟的偏振数据应用二次估计器，我们成功重建了各向异性宇宙双折射的功率谱，并假设尺度不变性，估算了谱幅度 $A_{\mathrm{CB}}$ 的限制。 预测基于冬季的宽扫描观测策略，有效天空覆盖率约为 23.6%。 我们考虑了实验短期和长期阶段对应的两种噪声情景。 我们的结果显示，使用95/150 GHz的小口径望远镜，在低噪声情况下采用地图域合并多频数据的方法时， $2\sigma$ 对 $A_{\mathrm{CB}}$ 的上限可以达到0.017，而在频谱域合并多频数据可以将限制收紧约10%。发现具有相同频带的大口径望远镜更为有效，将 $2\sigma$ 的上限收紧至0.0062。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The study of cosmic birefringence through Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments is a key research area in cosmology and particle physics, providing a critical test for Lorentz and CPT symmetries. This paper focuses on an upcoming CMB experiment in the mid-latitude of the Northern Hemisphere, and investigates the potential to detect anisotropies in cosmic birefringence. Applying a quadratic estimator on simulated polarization data, we reconstruct the power spectrum of anisotropic cosmic birefringence successfully and estimate constraints on the amplitude of the spectrum, $A_{\mathrm{CB}}$, assuming scale invariance. The forecast is based on a wide-scan observation strategy during winter, yielding an effective sky coverage of approximately 23.6%. We consider two noise scenarios corresponding to the short-term and long-term phases of the experiment. Our results show that with a small aperture telescope operating at 95/150GHz, the $2\sigma$ upper bound for $A_{\mathrm{CB}}$ can reach 0.017 under the low noise scenario when adopting the method of merging multi-frequency data in map domain, and merging multi-frequency data in spectrum domain tightens the limit by about 10%.A large-aperture telescope with the same bands is found to be more effective, tightening the $2\sigma$ upper limit to 0.0062.