标题： 甚高能伽马天文学中成像大气切伦科夫望远镜的大气特征分析 显示英文标题

标题： Characterisation of the Atmosphere in Very High Energy Gamma-Astronomy for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes

摘要： 甚高能（VHE）伽马射线来自极端天体源的地面观测显著受到大气条件的影响。这是因为当使用切伦科夫望远镜阵列（IACTs）时，大气是探测器的一个组成部分。云层和尘埃颗粒会削弱切伦科夫光的大气传输，从而影响空气簇射的重建以及随后重建的伽马射线光谱。 对切伦科夫天文台上方大气传输的精确测量，在分析数据的准确性中起着关键作用，其中包括入射伽马射线重建能量和通量的校正，以及制定不同类型伽马射线发射源的观测策略。 位于拉帕尔马岛加那利群岛洛斯穆查乔斯天文台（ORM）的MAGIC切伦科夫望远镜和切伦科夫望远镜阵列天文台（CTAO）使用不同的辅助仪器集进行大气的实时特征化。 本文展示了由MAGIC LIDAR（LIght Detection And Ranging）和CTAO FRAM（F/Photometric Robotic Telescope）获取的历史数据。 从MAGIC LIDAR和CTAO FRAM测量的大气气溶胶传输剖面中，我们获得了La Palma ORM上方用于数据校正和最佳观测调度的云层特征。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Ground-based observations of Very High Energy (VHE) gamma rays from extreme astrophysical sources are significantly influenced by atmospheric conditions. This is due to the atmosphere being an integral part of the detector when utilizing Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). Clouds and dust particles diminish atmospheric transmission of Cherenkov light, thereby impacting the reconstruction of the air showers and consequently the reconstructed gamma-ray spectra. Precise measurements of atmospheric transmission above Cherenkov observatories play a pivotal role in the accuracy of the analysed data, among which the corrections of the reconstructed energies and fluxes of incoming gamma rays, and in establishing observation strategies for different types of gamma-ray emitting sources. The Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes and the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), both located on the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (ORM), La Palma, Canary Islands, use different sets of auxiliary instruments for real-time characterisation of the atmosphere. In this paper, historical data taken by MAGIC LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) and CTAO FRAM (F/Photometric Robotic Telescope) are presented. From the atmospheric aerosol transmission profiles measured by the MAGIC LIDAR and CTAO FRAM aerosol optical depth maps, we obtain the characterisation of the clouds above the ORM at La Palma needed for data correction and optimal observation scheduling.