标题： FIRE矮星系中多样的暗物质分布：黑洞、宇宙射线以及尖峰-核心之谜 显示英文标题

标题： Diverse dark matter profiles in FIRE dwarfs: black holes, cosmic rays and the cusp-core enigma

摘要： 矮星系一直以来都对冷暗物质（CDM）模型提出了挑战，尽管许多所谓的“矮星系问题”通过纳入重子过程得到了缓解，但观测到的矮星系旋转曲线的多样性仍然是一个有争议的话题。 同时，矮星系中活动星系核（AGN）观测样本的增加促使我们对矮星系演化的理解发生了范式转变，传统上认为矮星系的演化是由恒星反馈所调控的。 在这项研究中，我们使用基于FIRE-3模型的一组新的宇宙学局部放大模拟，探讨了AGN反馈在塑造暗物质分布和增加矮星系旋转曲线多样性方面可能扮演的角色。 我们的研究结果表明，矮星系中存在活跃黑洞（BHs）会导致多样的结果，从更尖锐的密度分布到更接近核心的分布。 这种多样性源于黑洞在提供额外反馈和调节恒星反馈范围上的双重作用。 与之前的研究一致，我们发现当包含宇宙射线（CR）建模时，AGN反馈的影响最为显著，来自任何来源的宇宙射线显著影响暗物质分布。 总体而言，我们的结果强调了恒星反馈、黑洞和宇宙射线之间的相互作用产生了广泛的暗物质密度分布谱，这与旋转曲线形状和重子主导性之间的观测相关性一致。 这突显了在矮星系模拟中纳入完整的重子过程的重要性，以解决CDM模型在小尺度上持续存在的挑战。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Dwarf galaxies have historically posed challenges to the cold dark matter (CDM) model and, while many of the so-called 'dwarf galaxy problems' have been mitigated by incorporating baryonic processes, the observed diversity of dwarf galaxy rotation curves remains a contentious topic. Meanwhile, the growing observational samples of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in dwarf galaxies have prompted a paradigm shift in our understanding of dwarf galaxy evolution, traditionally thought to be regulated by stellar feedback. In this study, we explore the potential role of AGN feedback in shaping dark matter distributions and increasing the diversity of dwarf galaxy rotation curves, using a new suite of cosmological zoom-in simulations of dwarf galaxies with the FIRE-3 model. Our findings indicate that the presence of active black holes (BHs) in dwarf galaxies can lead to diverse outcomes, ranging from cuspier to more core-like profiles. This variability arises from the dual role of BHs in providing additional feedback and regulating the extent of stellar feedback. Consistent with previous research, we find that AGN feedback is most impactful when cosmic ray (CR) modelling is included, with CRs from any source significantly influencing dark matter profiles. Overall, our results highlight that the interplay between stellar feedback, BHs, and CRs produces a broad spectrum of dark matter density profiles, which align with observed correlations between rotation curve shapes and baryonic dominance. This underscores the importance of including the full range of baryonic processes in dwarf galaxy simulations to address the persistent 'small-scale challenges' to the CDM paradigm.