标题： 研究具有模型异质性增量细化的电网同步 显示英文标题

标题： Studying power-grid synchronization with incremental refinement of model heterogeneity

摘要： 对电力网格系统的建模在当今具有重要意义，因为向可再生能源的转变需要对能源传输进行彻底重新设计。 可再生能源可能位于远离其消耗点的地方，因为城市和工业结构并不遵循物理约束和能力。 重要的例子是风力发电中的海岸与内陆划分。 构建不当的高压（HV）电力网格可能导致经济上的灾难性损失，这在最近的历史中通过大规模停电事件的出现得到了证明。 此类事件的概率分布被发现是尾部厚重的，经常表现出幂律（PL）尾部。 为了理解它们，已经构建了自组织临界直流（DC）模型~\cite{car2}，并且已被证明能够很好地描述经验值的PL指数。 然而，许多细节仍未被理解，因为电力网格使用交流电（AC），其中相位差是功率流动的主要原因。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Modeling power-grid systems has got a major importance in present days as transformation to renewable energy sources requires the complete re-design of energy transmission. Renewable energy sources can be located quite far from their consumption points because urban and industrial structures do not follow physical constraints and capabilities. Important examples are the sea coast vs inland divisions in the case of wind power. Ill-constructed high-voltage (HV) power grids can cause catastrophic damages to economies as it was demonstrated in recent history via the emergence of large blackout events. The probability distributions of such events was found to be fat-tailed, exhibiting power-law (PL) tails very often. To understand them, self-organized critical direct current (DC) models have been constructed~\cite{car2} and have been shown to describe well the PL exponents of empirical values. However, many details could not be understood as power-grids work with alternating currents (AC) in which phase differences are the primary causes of the power-flows.