标题： 高能物理学从低能物理学 显示英文标题

标题： High Energy Physics from Low Energy Physics

摘要： 低能和高能物理之间的区分对于物理学的实用性至关重要；计算炮弹轨迹并不需要量子引力的细节。 然而，低能和高能物理并不是完全独立的，这篇论文探讨了它们之间联系的两种方式。 第一种是通过一种UV/IR对称性，这种对称性将低能和高能的散射过程联系起来。 这种UV/IR对称性体现在$S$-矩阵的几何性质以及相应有效场论中耦合常数的RG流上。 低能核物理几乎实现了这种UV/IR对称性，这解释了中子-质子散射有效范围展开中形状参数的小值，并激发了一种组织中子和质子相互作用的新方法。 第二种是通过使用量子计算机模拟格点规范理论。 量子模拟依赖于量子力学规则的普适性，这些规则可以同样好地用于描述一个处于15毫开尔文的（低能）transmon量子比特和一个 （高能）1 TeV夸克。 这篇论文展示了在量子计算机上对一维格点量子色动力学的首次模拟，最终实现了β衰变的实时模拟。 论文还展示了在超过100个量子比特的量子计算机上首次模拟格点规范理论的结果。 本文开发的用于量子模拟的方法是“具有物理意识”的，受到被研究系统长度尺度上的对称性和层次结构的指导。 如果没有这些具有物理意识的方法，基于目前可用的噪声量子计算机，100+量子比特的格点规范理论模拟是不可能实现的。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The separation between physics at low and high energies is essential for physics to have any utility; the details of quantum gravity are not necessary to calculate the trajectory of a cannon ball. However, physics at low and high energies are not completely independent, and this thesis explores two ways that they are related. The first is through a UV/IR symmetry that relates scattering processes at low and high energies. This UV/IR symmetry manifests in geometrical properties of the $S$-matrix, and of the RG flow of the coupling constants in the corresponding effective field theory. Low energy nuclear physics nearly realizes this UV/IR symmetry, providing an explanation for the smallness of shape parameters in the effective range expansion of nucleon-nucleon scattering, and inspiring a new way to organize the interactions between neutrons and protons. The second is through the use of quantum computers to simulate lattice gauge theories. Quantum simulations rely on the universality of the rules of quantum mechanics, which can be applied equally well to describe a (low energy) transmon qubit at 15 milli-Kelvin as a (high energy) 1 TeV quark. This thesis presents the first simulations of one dimensional lattice quantum chromodynamics on a quantum computer, culminating in a real-time simulation of beta-decay. Results from the first simulations of a lattice gauge theory on 100+ qubits of a quantum computer are also presented. The methods developed in this thesis for quantum simulation are ``physics-aware", and are guided by the symmetries and hierarchies in length scales of the systems being studied. Without these physics-aware methods, 100+ qubit simulations of lattice gauge theories would not have been possible on the noisy quantum computers that are presently available.