标题： 评估球状星团和大麦哲伦星云的引力波可探测性对于LISA 显示英文标题

标题： Evaluating the gravitational wave detectability of globular clusters and the Magellanic Clouds for LISA

摘要： 我们使用恒星演化代码 BPASS 和引力波模拟代码 LEGWORK 来模拟可能被正在开发的基于空间的引力波（GW）探测器 LISA 检测到的致密双星种群。 具体而言，我们模拟了麦哲伦云和模仿几个球状星团的双星种群，忽略了动力学效应。 我们发现，麦哲伦云每个都会有少量可检测的源，但对于球状星团，可检测的源数量将少于一个。 我们将我们的结果与早期研究进行比较，发现我们预测的数字比使用考虑动力学效应的恒星演化代码 BSE 的计算结果低几十倍，也比使用恒星演化代码 SeBa 对麦哲伦云的计算结果低。 这与之前的研究相吻合，该研究将银河系盘中 GW 源的 BPASS 模型与 BSE 模型进行了比较，并发现了类似大小的差异。 我们分析并解释了这种差异是由于恒星演化代码之间的差异造成的，特别是在双星中质量转移和共同包层事件的处理上，其中在 BPASS 中质量转移更有可能是稳定的，并且在共同包层阶段导致的轨道收缩比其他代码更少。 这种差异导致在 BPASS 种群中，周期短到足以被 LISA 检测到的致密双星数量更少。 对于球状星团，我们得出结论，从文献来看动力学效应的影响尚不确定，但恒星演化差异的影响因素为几十倍。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We use the stellar evolution code BPASS and the gravitational wave simulation code LEGWORK to simulate populations of compact binaries that may be detected by the in-development space-based gravitational wave (GW) detector LISA. Specifically, we simulate the Magellanic Clouds and binary populations mimicking several globular clusters, neglecting dynamical effects. We find that the Magellanic Clouds would have a handful of detectable sources each, but for globular clusters the amount of detectable sources would be less than one. We compare our results to earlier research and find that our predicted numbers are several tens of times lower than calculations using the stellar evolution code BSE that take dynamical effects into account, but also calculations using the stellar evolution code SeBa for the Magellanic Clouds. This correlates with earlier research which compared BPASS models for GW sources in the Galactic disk with BSE models and found a similarly sized discrepancy. We analyse and explain this discrepancy as being caused by differences between the stellar evolution codes, particularly in the treatment of mass transfer and common-envelope events in binaries, where in BPASS mass transfer is more likely to be stable and tends to lead to less orbital shrinkage in the common-envelope phase than in other codes. This difference results in fewer compact binaries with periods short enough to be detected by LISA existing in the BPASS population. For globular clusters, we conclude that the impact of dynamical effects is uncertain from the literature, but the differences in stellar evolution have an effect of a factor of a few tens.