标题： 从黑洞蒸发、宇宙射线、对撞机和超新星中对暗自由度最大数的约束 显示英文标题

标题： Constraints on the maximal number of dark degrees of freedom from black hole evaporation, cosmic rays, colliders, and supernovae

摘要： 一个具有大量大质量自由度的暗区，通常会受到辐射修正对牛顿引力常数的约束。 然而，这一陈述存在一些例外情况，特别是当这些自由度是轻量级或无质量的时候。 在这里，我们详细检查并更新了对可能的暗自由度数量的一些约束，包括来自黑洞蒸发、来自包含蒸发黑洞的系统的扰动、来自对撞机上的直接引力产生、来自高能宇宙射线以及来自超新星能量损失的约束。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A dark sector with a very large number of massive degrees of freedom is generically constrained by radiative corrections to Newton's constant. However, there are caveats to this statement, especially if the degrees of freedom are light or mass-less. Here, we examine in detail and update a number of constraints on the possible number of dark degrees of freedom, including from black hole evaporation, from perturbations to systems including an evaporating black hole, from direct gravitational production at colliders, from high-energy cosmic rays, and from supernovae energy losses.