标题： 低尺度镜像标准模型暗物质及其通过引力波和吉他星云的探测 显示英文标题

标题： Low-scale Mirror Standard Model Dark Matter and its Detection via Gravitational Waves and the Guitar Nebula

摘要： 如果暗物质领域真的是黑暗的、具有自相互作用且无法通过地球实验探测到，会怎样呢？ 如果这种暗领域在实验上无法被任何地球实验探测到，我们该如何找到它的线索呢？ 在这项工作中，我们研究了一个低质量尺度的镜像标准模型，它可以作为暗物质的模型，仅通过引力与标准模型粒子相互作用。 镜像标准模型领域的粒子可以形成镜像原子和强子，所有这些稳定粒子都可以构成宇宙中大部分的暗物质。 这些镜像标准模型粒子通过低温暗一阶相变获得质量。 我们详细研究了这个暗相变，并指出了如何通过这种相变产生随机引力波。 这样的相变可以产生可被未来引力波实验检测到的随机引力波。 对于该模型，产生的引力波能量谱可以被SKA检测到。 此外，我们提出了一种可能的方法，利用来自吉他星云的观测数据来检测暗物质粒子性质的影响。 我们假设吉他星云的弓形激波是由高速中子星穿过星际介质产生的，该星际介质被认为由碰撞性暗物质和氢组成。 我们的主要提议是，弓形激波的张角可以直接与暗物质粒子的声速相关，弓形激波的大张角可能是星际介质由碰撞性暗物质和氢气组成的强烈指示。 这是由博斯马效应所激发的，该效应表明氢总是与暗物质相关联，而氢气在吉他星云中大量存在。 显示英文摘要

摘要： What if the dark matter Sector is truly dark, self-interacting and unreachable by terrestrial experiments? How could we find hints of such dark sector if it is experimentally unreachable by any terrestrial experiment? In this work we study a low-mass-scale mirror Standard Model which can act as a model for dark matter, which interacts only gravitationally with the Standard Model particles. The mirror Standard Model sector particles can form mirror atoms and hadrons and all these stable particles can comprise a large part of the dark matter of the Universe. These mirror Standard Model particles acquire mass through a low-temperature dark first order phase transition. We examine in detail this dark phase transition and we indicate how stochastic gravitational waves can be generated through this transition. Such a phase transition can generate stochastic gravitational waves that can be detected by the future gravitational wave experiments. For the model we use, the produced energy spectrum of the gravitational waves can be detected by the SKA. Moreover, we propose a possible way to detect effects of the particle nature of dark matter, using observational data coming from the guitar nebula. We assume that the guitar nebula bow shock is generated by the interaction of the high speed neutron star that passes through the interstellar medium, which is assumed to be comprised by collisional dark matter and hydrogen. Our main proposal is that the opening angle of the bow shock can be directly related to the speed of sound of the dark matter particles, and a large angle of the bow shock could be a strong indicator that the interstellar medium is comprised by collisional dark matter and hydrogen gas. This is motivated by the Bosma effect which indicates that hydrogen is always in correlation with dark matter, and hydrogen gas is strongly present in the guitar nebula.