标题： 解开星系的恒星组分：GalaxyChop模拟星系中动态分解方法的评估 显示英文标题

标题： Untangling Stellar Components of Galaxies: Evaluation of Dynamical Decomposition Methods in Simulated Galaxies with GalaxyChop

摘要： 星系形成与盘状系统和球状系统的不同演化过程密切相关，而这些系统是星系的基本恒星组成成分。理解这些成分之间的相互动力学交互作用和共同演化需要详细的动力学分析以区分它们。我们引入了JEHistogram，这是一种新的方法，用于通过恒星粒子的角动量和能量将模拟星系分解为盘状和球状恒星成分。我们使用一组平衡态星系样本，该样本的恒星质量范围在$10^{10} \leq M_\mathrm{gal}/M_\odot \leq 10^{12}$内，将其性能与五种先前确立的方法进行了比较。我们的评估涉及多个指标，包括恒星粒子分类的完整性和纯度、尺度长度、质量密度分布、速度弥散和旋转速度分布。虽然所有方法都近似了原始成分的性质，如质量分数、密度或速度分布，但JEHistogram表现出更高的准确性，特别是在星系内部区域，那里成分重叠使得分离变得复杂。此外，我们还应用JEHistogram于来自IllustrisTNG宇宙学模拟的类似银河系的星系，展示了它能够推导出动态定义的盘状和球状成分的大小、质量、速度、颜色和年龄等属性的能力。所有分析的动力学分解方法都可以通过Python包GalaxyChop公开获取。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Galaxy formation is intrinsically connected to the distinct evolutionary processes of disk and spheroidal systems, which are the fundamental stellar components of galaxies. Understanding the mutual dynamical interplay and co-evolution of these components requires a detailed dynamical analysis to allow for a disentanglement between them. We introduce JEHistogram, a new method for the dynamical decomposition of simulated galaxies into disk and spheroidal stellar components, utilizing the angular momentum and energy of star particles. We evaluate its performance against five previously established methods using a sample of equilibrium galaxies with stellar masses in the range $10^{10} \leq M_\mathrm{gal}/M_\odot \leq 10^{12}$. Our assessment involves several metrics, including the completeness and purity of stellar particle classification, scale lengths, mass density profiles, velocity dispersion, and rotational velocity profiles. While all methods approximate the properties of the original components, such as mass fractions and density or velocity profiles, JEHistogram demonstrates a better accuracy, particularly in the inner regions of galaxies where component overlap complicates separation. Additionally, we apply JEHistogram to a Milky Way-like galaxy from the IllustrisTNG cosmological simulations, showcasing its capability to derive properties like size, mass, velocity, color, and age of dynamically defined disk and spheroidal components. All dynamical decomposition methods analyzed are publicly accessible through the Python package GalaxyChop.