标题： 研究低流量状态下Mrk 501的宽带能谱能量分布与变化特性 显示英文标题

标题： Probing Broadband Spectral Energy Distribution and Variability of Mrk\,501 in the low flux state

摘要： 我们利用2016年8月15日至2022年3月27日期间来自\emph{天文}卫星（SXT, LAXPC）、\emph{Swift-UVOT}和\emph{费米-LAT}的观测数据，对耀变体Mrk 501进行了多波段分析。由此得到的多波段光变曲线显示该源在整个电磁波谱范围内表现出相对较低的活动性。值得注意的是，与幂律模型相比，对数抛物线模型和断点幂律模型更好地拟合了来自\emph{天文学}卫星-SXT/LAXPC仪器组合的联合X射线能谱。在低活动状态下，该源在X射线能量上表现出典型的越亮越硬趋势。为了深入了解产生宽带发射的物理过程，我们使用卷积单区电子模型进行了详细的宽带光谱分析，考虑了不同形式的粒子分布，包括对数抛物线（LP）、断点幂律（BPL）、具有最大能量的幂律（$\xi_{max}$）以及能量依赖加速（EDA）模型。我们的分析显示这四种粒子分布的归一化残差（reduced-$\chi^2$）值相似。LP和EDA模型显示出最低的喷流功率。针对LP和BPL模型的相关性分析表明，喷流功率与整体洛伦兹因子之间存在正相关关系。 具体而言，在LP模型中，喷流功率被证明与$\gamma_{min}$无关，而在断开幂律模型中，喷流功率随着$\gamma_{min}$的增加而减少。 LP/EDA粒子分布的喷流功率约为一个$10^7$M$_\odot$黑洞的爱丁顿光度的10％。 这一结果表明，喷流可能由吸积过程提供能量。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We conducted a multi-wavelength analysis of the blazar Mrk\,501, utilizing observations from \emph{Astro}Sat (SXT, LAXPC), \emph{Swift-UVOT}, and \emph{Fermi-LAT} during the period August 15, 2016 to March 27, 2022. The resulting multi-wavelength light curve revealed relatively low activity of the source across the electromagnetic spectrum. Notably, logparabola and broken power-law models provided a better fit to the joint X-ray spectra from \emph{Astro}Sat-SXT/LAXPC instruments compared to the power-law model. During the low activity state, the source showed the characteristic harder when brighter trend at the X-ray energies. To gain insights into underlying physical processes responsible for the broadband emission, we performed a detailed broadband spectral analysis using the convolved one-zone leptonic model with different forms of particle distributions such as logparabola (LP), broken power-law (BPL), power-law model with maximum energy ($\xi_{max}$), and energy-dependent acceleration (EDA) models. Our analysis revealed similar reduced-$\chi^2$ values for the four particle distributions. The LP and EDA models exhibited the lowest jet powers. The correlation analyses conducted for the LP and BPL models revealed that there is a positive correlation between jet power and bulk Lorentz factor. Specifically, in the LP model, jet power proved independent of $\gamma_{min}$, whereas in the broken power-law model, jet power decreased with an increase in $\gamma_{min}$. The jet power in the LP/EDA particle distribution is nearly 10 percent of the Eddington luminosity of a $10^7$ M$_\odot$ black hole. This result suggests that the jet could potentially be fueled by accretion processes.