标题： 平面S-TI-S结中约瑟夫森涡旋束缚的马约拉纳零能模的探测 显示英文标题

标题： Detection of Majorana zero modes bound to Josephson vortices in planar S-TI-S junctions

摘要： 我们研究了马约拉纳零模（MZMs）在超导-三维拓扑绝缘体-超导体（S-TI-S）约瑟夫森结中的约瑟夫森涡旋上的特征，这些约瑟夫森结置于垂直磁场中。 首先，利用半经典分析方法和数值技术，我们计算了结中低能Carol-de Gennes-Matricon（CdGM）态的空间分辨超电流密度。 受最近一项实验的启发[Yue等，Phys. Rev. B 109, 094511 (2024)]，我们讨论了涡旋MZMs的存在如何以及是否会在超电流测量中反映出来，表明单独的Fraunhofer特征不足以可靠地检测涡旋MZMs。 接下来，我们提出了两种我们认为可以通过超电流测量进一步验证结确实存在MZMs的方法。 具体而言，我们讨论了如何通过以下两种方式获得额外的马约拉纳签名： (1) 利用扫描隧道显微镜技术绘制出结中的局域态密度； (2) 对结中低能CdGM态的微波光谱进行分析。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We study signatures of Majorana zero modes (MZMs) bound to Josephson vortices in superconductor-three-dimensional topological insulator-superconductor (S-TI-S) Josephson junctions placed in a perpendicular magnetic field. First, using semiclassical analytical as well as numerical techniques, we calculate the spatially resolved supercurrent density carried by the low-energy Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon (CdGM) states in the junction. Motivated by a recent experiment [Yue et al., Phys. Rev. B 109, 094511 (2024)], we discuss if and how the presence of vortex MZMs is reflected in supercurrent measurements, showing that Fraunhofer signatures alone are not suitable to reliably detect vortex MZMs. Next, we propose two ways in which we believe supercurrent measurements could be complemented to further verify that the junction does indeed host MZMs. Explicitly, we discuss how additional Majorana signatures could be obtained by (1) mapping out the local density of states in the junction via scanning tunneling microscopy techniques, and (2) microwave spectroscopy of the spectrum of low-energy CdGM states in the junction.