标题： 智能有感知主动布朗粒子在三维中的集体动力学：球体、棒状体和蠕虫 显示英文标题

标题： Collective Dynamics of Intelligent Active Brownian Particles with Visual Perception and Velocity Alignment in 3D: Spheres, Rods, and Worms

摘要： 许多生物系统，如鸟类和鱼类，表现出集体行为，如 flocking 和 swarming。 最近，开发了一种活性胶体粒子的实验系统，其中每个粒子的运动性是根据其对周围粒子的视觉检测进行调整的。 这些具有基于视觉感知的运动性的粒子表现出群体形成和凝聚力。 受这些行为的启发，我们使用计算机模拟研究了具备三维视觉感知和速度对齐能力的智能活性布朗粒子（iABPs）。 基于视觉感知的自我转向描述了 iABPs 向其视觉锥体内粒子质心移动的趋势，而速度对齐则鼓励与邻近粒子对齐。 我们研究了行为如何随着视觉锥角 theta、自推进速度（佩克莱特数 Pe）以及速度对齐的相互作用强度（Omega_a）和基于视觉的自我转向（Omega_v）变化。 我们的研究结果表明，球形 iABPs 形成团簇、蠕虫状团簇、旋转行为和稀薄气体相，这与二维研究一致。 通过减小模拟箱的大小，我们观察到其他结构，如带状团簇和密集的饵球结构。 此外，棒状 iABPs 形成带状、蠕虫状、辐射状和螺旋结构，而 iABP 蠕虫表现出流线型和团块状结构。 这些模式中的许多类似于自然界中的集体行为，如蚂蚁旋转、鱼饵球和蠕虫团簇。 合成技术的进步可能使具有类似能力的纳米机器人成为可能，从而通过活性物质为多细胞系统提供见解。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Many living systems, such as birds and fish, exhibit collective behaviors like flocking and swarming. Recently, an experimental system of active colloidal particles has been developed, where the motility of each particle is adjusted based on its visual detection of surrounding particles. These particles with visual-perception-dependent motility exhibit group formation and cohesion. Inspired by these behaviors, we investigate intelligent active Brownian particles (iABPs) equipped with visual perception and velocity alignment in three dimensions using computer simulations. The visual-perception-based self-steering describes the tendency of iABPs to move toward the center of mass of particles within their visual cones, while velocity alignment encourages alignment with neighboring particles. We examine how the behavior varies with the visual cone angle theta, self-propulsion speed (Peclet number Pe), and the interaction strengths of velocity alignment (Omega_a) and visual-based self-steering (Omega_v). Our findings show that spherical iABPs form clusters, worm-like clusters, milling behaviors, and dilute-gas phases, consistent with 2D studies. By reducing the simulation box size, we observe additional structures like band-like clusters and dense baitball formations. Additionally, rod-like iABPs form band-like, worm-like, radiating, and helical structures, while iABP worms exhibit streamlined and blob-like structures. Many of these patterns resemble collective behaviors in nature, such as ant milling, fish baitballs, and worm clusters. Advances in synthetic techniques could enable nanorobots with similar capabilities, offering insights into multicellular systems through active matter.