标题： 二维半导体量子点阵列的模块化自主虚拟化系统 显示英文标题

标题： Modular Autonomous Virtualization System for Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Quantum Dot Arrays

摘要： 由门定义的半导体量子点阵列是构建可扩展量子处理器的领先候选者之一。 高保真度的自旋量子位寄存器的初始化、控制和读出需要对定义静电环境的关键哈密顿量参数进行精细且有针对性的控制。 然而，由于门间距紧密，门之间的电容串扰阻碍了化学势和量子点间耦合的独立调节。 虽然虚拟门提供了一个实用的解决方案，但在大型量子点寄存器中准确且高效地确定所有所需的交叉电容矩阵是一个开放性的挑战。 在此，我们建立了一个模块化的自动虚拟化系统（MAViS）——一个通用且模块化的框架，用于实时自主构建多层虚拟门的完整堆栈。 我们的方法采用机器学习技术，从二维电荷稳定性图中快速提取特征。 然后，我们利用计算机视觉和回归模型，自洽地确定在低隧穿耦合和高隧穿耦合区域中虚拟化塞子门和屏障门所需的所有相对电容耦合。 使用MAViS，我们成功展示了在高质量Ge/SiGe异质结构中定义的包含十个量子点的密集二维阵列的精确虚拟化。 我们的工作为高效控制大规模半导体量子点系统提供了一个优雅而实用的解决方案。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Arrays of gate-defined semiconductor quantum dots are among the leading candidates for building scalable quantum processors. High-fidelity initialization, control, and readout of spin qubit registers require exquisite and targeted control over key Hamiltonian parameters that define the electrostatic environment. However, due to the tight gate pitch, capacitive crosstalk between gates hinders independent tuning of chemical potentials and interdot couplings. While virtual gates offer a practical solution, determining all the required cross-capacitance matrices accurately and efficiently in large quantum dot registers is an open challenge. Here, we establish a modular automated virtualization system (MAViS) -- a general and modular framework for autonomously constructing a complete stack of multilayer virtual gates in real time. Our method employs machine learning techniques to rapidly extract features from two-dimensional charge stability diagrams. We then utilize computer vision and regression models to self-consistently determine all relative capacitive couplings necessary for virtualizing plunger and barrier gates in both low- and high-tunnel-coupling regimes. Using MAViS, we successfully demonstrate accurate virtualization of a dense two-dimensional array comprising ten quantum dots defined in a high-quality Ge/SiGe heterostructure. Our work offers an elegant and practical solution for the efficient control of large-scale semiconductor quantum dot systems.