标题： 一维4He中的弗里德尔振荡 显示英文标题

标题： Friedel oscillations in one-dimensional 4He

摘要： 一维玻色子系统，如被限制在纳米孔中的氦气，表现出由密度波作为集体激发的Luttinger液体行为。 我们研究了散射势对低维量子液体的影响。 我们考虑了一个微观模型，其中$^4$氦气位于一个有局部狭窄的扰动纳米孔中，并采用量子蒙特卡洛模拟，在有效低能框架下分析核心的密度。 我们的结果揭示了在没有费米面的玻色子量子液体中出现Friedel振荡。 此外，我们利用Luttinger液体模型预测了这种钉扎现象在弹性散射中的实验可观测特征，以及通过变形纳米孔的质量传输随温度和压力的变化。 显示英文摘要

摘要： One-dimensional bosonic systems, such as helium confined to nanopores, exhibit Luttinger liquid behavior characterized by density waves as collective excitations. We investigate the impact of a scattering potential on a low dimensional quantum liquid. We consider a microscopic model of $^4$He inside a perturbed nanopore with a localized constriction, and employ quantum Monte Carlo simulations to analyze the density of the core within an effective low-energy framework. Our results reveal the emergence of Friedel oscillations in a bosonic quantum liquid without a Fermi surface. Furthermore, we utilize the Luttinger liquid model to predict experimentally observable signatures of this pinning phenomena in elastic scattering and via the temperature and pressure dependence of mass transport through the deformed nanopore.