标题： 小蜜蜂宇宙学：使用距离和时间红移探测器的测试 显示英文标题

标题： Bumblebee cosmology: Tests using distance- and time-redshift probes

摘要： 在现代宇宙学中，宇宙加速膨胀的发现极大地改变了我们对宇宙演化和扩张历史的理解。 暗能量的未知特性，作为这种加速的驱动力，不仅引发了对其本质的广泛研究，也激发了对可能作为替代方案的修改引力理论的兴趣。 在本文中，我们采用一种蜜蜂矢量-张量修改引力理论来模拟宇宙膨胀历史，并推导出哈勃参数的预测。 我们使用来自已建立探测器的观测数据来限制蜜蜂模型参数，包括通过SH0ES（超新星$H_0$方程状态）造父变星距离阶梯分析校准的Pantheon+ Ia型超新星以及来自暗能量光谱巡天仪器（DESI）数据发布2（DR2）的重子声学振荡（BAO）测量数据，以及最近加入的宇宙时钟（CC）和伽马射线暴（GRBs）。 马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛（MCMC）采样贝叶斯后验分布使我们能够严格限制蜜蜂模型，并将其与标准$\Lambda \text{CDM}$宇宙学进行比较。 我们发现，单独的蜜蜂理论可以很好地拟合当前距离和时间红移关系的观测数据，表明其解释宇宙背景动力学的潜力。 然而，与$\Lambda \text{CDM}$相比，后者根据信息准则仍然表现更好。 我们认为，来自宇宙扰动测试的进一步约束可能会对蜜蜂宇宙学施加更严格的限制。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In modern cosmology, the discovery of the universe's accelerated expansion has significantly transformed our understanding of cosmic evolution and expansion history. The unknown properties of dark energy, the driver of this acceleration, have not only prompted extensive studies on its nature but also spurred interest in modified gravity theories that might serve as alternatives. In this paper, we adopt a bumblebee vector-tensor modified gravity theory to model the cosmic expansion history and derive predictions for the Hubble parameter. We constrain the bumblebee model parameters using observational data from established probes, including the Pantheon+ Type Ia Supernovae calibrated via the SH0ES (Supernova $H_0$ for the Equation of State) Cepheid distance ladder analysis and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) measurements from Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 2 (DR2), as well as recently included cosmic chronometers (CC) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of the Bayesian posterior distribution enables us to rigorously constrain the bumblebee models and compare them with the standard $\Lambda \text{CDM}$ cosmology. We find that the bumblebee theory on its own can provide sufficiently good fits to the current observational data of distance- and time-redshift relations, suggesting its potential to explain the cosmic background dynamics. However, when compared to $\Lambda \text{CDM}$, the latter still outperforms the former according to the information criteria. We propose that further constraints from cosmological perturbation tests could impose more stringent constraints on bumblebee cosmology.