标题： 具有最少先验假设的复杂磁性轮廓的通用重建 显示英文标题

标题： Universal Reconstruction of Complex Magnetic Profiles with Minimum Prior Assumptions

摘要： 理解材料的复杂磁结构对于材料科学、自旋电子学和地质学的进步至关重要。 量子增强磁强计的最新发展，如金刚石中的氮空位（NV）中心，使得可以直接成像与各种磁性剖面相关的磁场分布。 然而，从测量的磁场图中重建样品的磁化是一个复杂的逆问题，可能会因测量噪声、有限的空间分辨率以及样品与传感器之间的距离而变得更加复杂。 虽然磁场分布通常通过各种可用的成像方法进行测量，但从这些图中准确重建底层结构仍然是一个挑战。 在本工作中，我们引入了一种新颖且高效的基于GPU的方法，从测量的磁场中以最少的先验假设重建磁源量（即空间变化的磁化密度）。 我们通过在现实实验条件下模拟多种磁性结构来验证我们的方法，包括多域铁磁性以及磁性自旋结构，如斯kyrmion、反skyrmion和meron。 实验上，我们将该技术应用于研究使用宽视场量子金刚石显微镜获得的月岩（阿波罗月海玄武岩样品10003,184）的磁场图。 月岩的重建磁畴与当前古地磁知识一致。 我们的方法为研究复杂的磁化剖面提供了一个通用且通用的工具，为未来的量子传感实验铺平了道路。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Understanding the intricate magnetic structures of materials is crucial for the advancements in material science, spintronics, and geology. Recent developments of quantum-enabled magnetometers, such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, have enabled direct imaging of magnetic field distributions associated with a wide variety of magnetic profiles. However, reconstructing the magnetization of a sample from a measured magnetic field map poses a complex inverse problem, which can be further complicated by the presence of measurement noise, finite spatial resolution, and the sample-to-sensor distance. While magnetic field distributions are typically measured through various available imaging methods, accurately reconstructing the underlying structures from these maps remains a challenge. In this work, we introduce a novel and efficient GPU-based method for reconstructing magnetic source quantities (i.e. spatially varying magnetization density) from measured magnetic fields with minimum prior assumptions. We validate our method by simulating diverse magnetic structures under realistic experimental conditions, including multi-domain ferromagnetism and magnetic spin textures such as skyrmion, anti-skyrmion, and meron. Experimentally, we apply our technique to investigate the magnetic field maps from a lunar rock (Apollo lunar mare basalt sample 10003,184) obtained using a wide-field quantum diamond microscope. The reconstructed magnetic domains of the lunar rock are consistent with current paleomagnetic knowledge. Our approach provides a versatile and universal tool for investigating complex magnetization profiles, paving the way for future quantum sensing experiments.