标题： 从环量子黑洞中提取能量：磁Penrose过程与量子引力效应的作用及天体物理见解 显示英文标题

标题： Energy Extraction from Loop Quantum Black Holes: The Role of Magnetic Penrose Process and Quantum Gravity Effects with Astrophysical Insights

摘要： 在本研究中，我们探讨了来自圈量子引力（LQG）的量子引力修正对黑洞（BH）环境中磁Penrose过程（MPP）效率的影响。 我们首先分析旋转的圈量子黑洞（LQBH）度规，描述事件视界和能层结构作为量子参数$\epsilon = \gamma \delta$的函数，其中$\gamma$代表Immirzi参数，$\delta$为聚合参数，自转参数为$a$。 这些修正为探索带电粒子在LQBH附近的动力学以及通过MPP评估产生的能量提取提供了新的环境。 有趣的是，对于给定的LQBH参数$a$，我们观察到LQBH的能层区域相比其经典对应物Kerr BH表现出更复杂的结构，随着$\epsilon$的增加而变得更加复杂。 Furthermore, we find that the overall efficiency of the process decreases with $\epsilon$ that decreases $a_{max}$, again in contrast to the Kerr BH, where efficiency rises with an increasing $a$. Our analysis also extends to astrophysical contexts, applying constraints on the mass and magnetic field of LQBHs for astrophysical BH candidates, including SgrA*, M87*, NGC 1052, and BZ (Blandford and Znajek sources, i.e., supermassive BHs with masses around $10^9 M_\odot$ and magnetic fields in the range $10^3-10^4 \text{G}$). We assess these sources as potential accelerators of high-energy protons across different values of the quantum parameter $\epsilon$. 此外，我们研究磁感应强度$B$和量子修正对从 M87$^{\star}$和 Sgr A$^{\star}$经过β衰变后加速的质子能量的影响。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this study, we explore the influence of quantum gravitational corrections, derived from Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG), on the efficiency of the magnetic Penrose process (MPP) in black hole (BH) environments. We begin by analyzing the rotating Loop Quantum Black Hole (LQBH) metric, describing the structure of the event horizon and ergosphere as functions of the quantum parameter $\epsilon = \gamma \delta$, with $\gamma$ representing the Immirzi parameter and $\delta$ the polymeric parameter, and the spin parameter $a$. These modifications provide a novel setting for exploring the dynamics of charged particles near the LQBH and evaluating the resultant energy extraction through the MPP. Interestingly, for a given value of the LQBH parameter $a$, we observe that the ergosphere region of the LQBH exhibits a more intricate structure compared to its classical counterpart, the Kerr BH, as $\epsilon$ increases. Furthermore, we find that the overall efficiency of the process decreases with $\epsilon$ that decreases $a_{max}$, again in contrast to the Kerr BH, where efficiency rises with an increasing $a$. Our analysis also extends to astrophysical contexts, applying constraints on the mass and magnetic field of LQBHs for astrophysical BH candidates, including SgrA*, M87*, NGC 1052, and BZ (Blandford and Znajek sources, i.e., supermassive BHs with masses around $10^9 M_\odot$ and magnetic fields in the range $10^3-10^4 \text{G}$). We assess these sources as potential accelerators of high-energy protons across different values of the quantum parameter $\epsilon$. Additionally, we examine how variations in the magnetic field strength $B$ and quantum corrections impact the energy of protons accelerated from M87$^{\star}$ and Sgr A$^{\star}$ following beta decay.