标题： 基于量子比特三态的自旋-1 AKLT系统的模拟 显示英文标题

标题： Transmon qutrit-based simulation of spin-1 AKLT systems

摘要： 基于三态的量子电路可以在系统感兴趣的局部维度为三时帮助减少整体电路深度，从而减少噪声。在超导transmon中访问第二激发态提供了三能级系统或三态（qutrits）的直接硬件实现，这对于这种三元编码很有用。在本工作中，我们成功校准脉冲门以获得低误差率，从而得到transmon三态。我们使用这些三态来模拟一维自旋-1 AKLT态（Affleck、Lieb、Kennedy和Tasaki），这些态表现出多种有趣的现象，如拓扑保护的基态、字符串序和鲁棒贝里相的存在。我们通过为不同链长度准备AKLT哈密顿量的高保真基态来展示基于三态模拟的有效性。然后，我们使用具有周期边界条件的扰动AKLT哈密顿量的基态制备来计算贝里相并说明非平凡的基态拓扑结构。我们进一步提出了制备AKLT态和计算其贝里相的可扩展方法，并使用张量网络模拟来确立在存在噪声的情况下基于三态的实现优于基于量子比特的实现的优势。我们的工作提供了一种使用transmon三态进行更一般的自旋-1物理模拟的途径，应用于化学、磁性和物质的拓扑相。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Qutrit-based quantum circuits could help reduce the overall circuit depths, and hence the noise, when the system of interest has local dimension of three. Accessing second excited states in superconducting transmons provides a straightforward hardware realization of three-level systems, or qutrits, useful for such ternary encoding. In this work, we successfully calibrate pulse gates to a low error rate to obtain transmon qutrits. We use these qutrits to simulate one-dimensional spin-1 AKLT states (Affleck, Lieb, Kennedy, and Tasaki) which exhibit a multitude of interesting phenomena such as topologically protected ground states, string order and the existence of a robust Berry phase. We demonstrate the efficacy of qutrit-based simulation by preparing high-fidelity ground states of the AKLT Hamiltonian with open boundaries for various chain lengths. We then use ground state preparations of the perturbed AKLT Hamiltonian with periodic boundaries to calculate the Berry phase and illustrate non-trivial ground state topology. We further present scalable methods for preparing the AKLT state and computing its Berry phase, and use tensor network simulations to establish the advantage of qutrit-based implementation over qubit-based ones in the presence of noise. Our work provides a pathway toward more general spin-1 physics simulations using transmon qutrits, with applications in chemistry, magnetism, and topological phases of matter.