标题： 变化的轨迹：追踪知识演化的途径 显示英文标题

标题： Trajectories of Change: Approaches for Tracking Knowledge Evolution

摘要： 我们通过社会认识论网络（SEN）框架探讨知识系统的局部与全局演化，运用两种互补的方法对科学文本语料库进行分析。 该框架由三个相互关联的层次组成-社会、符号（物质）和语义-提出了一种多层方法来理解知识的结构发展。 为了分析语义层上的历时变化，我们首先使用基于相对熵的信息理论度量来检测语义变化，评估其显著性，并确定关键驱动特征。 其次，文档嵌入密度的变化揭示了语义邻域的变化，追踪相似文档的集中度是增加、保持稳定还是分散。 这使我们能够根据内容（主题）或元数据（作者、机构）追踪文档轨迹。 约瑟夫·西尔克和汉斯-于尔根·特雷德的案例研究说明了个人学者的工作如何与广义相对论和引力研究中的更广泛学科转变相一致，展示了这种方法的应用、局限性和进一步潜力。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We explore local vs. global evolution of knowledge systems through the framework of socio-epistemic networks (SEN), applying two complementary methods to a corpus of scientific texts. The framework comprises three interconnected layers-social, semiotic (material), and semantic-proposing a multilayered approach to understanding structural developments of knowledge. To analyse diachronic changes on the semantic layer, we first use information-theoretic measures based on relative entropy to detect semantic shifts, assess their significance, and identify key driving features. Second, variations in document embedding densities reveal changes in semantic neighbourhoods, tracking how concentration of similar documents increase, remain stable, or disperse. This enables us to trace document trajectories based on content (topics) or metadata (authorship, institution). Case studies of Joseph Silk and Hans-J\"urgen Treder illustrate how individual scholar's work aligns with broader disciplinary shifts in general relativity and gravitation research, demonstrating the applications, limitations, and further potential of this approach.