标题： 活性胶体在图案化环境中的门控和可调约束 显示英文标题

标题： Gating and tunable confinement of active colloids within patterned environments

摘要： 活性胶体粒子通常表现出明显的亲和力，倾向于在边界处聚集并被捕获。 在这里，我们设计了胶体之间长程的排斥相互作用，这些胶体在电场下自我推进并与图案化的障碍物相互作用。 由于这些相互作用，粒子会远离障碍物并避免聚集。 我们证明，通过调节施加的电场频率，可以精确且快速地控制障碍物的有效尺寸，从而调节粒子的接近距离。 这一特性使我们能够实现对活性粒子的门控和可调约束，使其根据施加的电场访问障碍物之间的区域。 我们的工作提供了一种灵活的方法来直接控制约束和组织，为基于运动性分选粒子或按需定位活性粒子等应用铺平了道路。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Active colloidal particles typically exhibit a pronounced affinity for accumulating and being captured at boundaries. Here, we engineer long-range repulsive interactions between colloids that self-propel under an electric field and patterned obstacles. As a result of these interactions, particles turn away from obstacles and avoid accumulation. We show that by tuning the applied field frequency, we precisely and rapidly control the effective size of the obstacles and therefore modulate the particle approach distance. This feature allows us to achieve gating and tunable confinement of our active particles whereby they can access regions between obstacles depending on the applied field. Our work provides a versatile means to directly control confinement and organization, paving the way towards applications such as sorting particles based on motility or localizing active particles on demand.