标题： 盐溶液中的泡沫稳定：毛细管排水和马兰戈尼应力的作用 显示英文标题

标题： Foam stabilization in salt solutions : the role of capillary drainage and Marangoni stresses

摘要： 海水中的起泡比淡水更容易这一长期存在的问题仍未得到解决。 在本研究中，我们通过精确的干涉测量单气泡实验来解决这个问题，证明G. Marrucci（1969）提出的理论提供了有力的解释。 使用不同浓度的磷酸盐电解质溶液研究膜的形成和排水，膜厚通过干涉测量进行跟踪。 在去离子水中，气泡由于快速凹陷坍塌而在几秒内破裂。 然而，在磷酸盐溶液中，气泡可以持续几分钟。 虽然蒸发驱动的盐浓度梯度产生的表面张力梯度被认为会引发马兰戈尼应力，但我们的结果表明，尽管膜变薄主要由毛细作用主导，但仍可观测到马兰戈尼驱动的流入。 Marrucci的理论通过显示随着膜变薄，界面面积增加，导致由于吉布斯表面过剩而使膜中的盐浓度升高来解释这一现象。 这种浓度梯度会引起马兰戈尼应力，导致流动反转、膜厚度增加和泡沫稳定性增强。 我们表明Marrucci的理论被错误地忽视了，预测的流体流入临界高度与我们的发现和其他使用氯化钠的研究结果非常吻合。 此外，我们将该理论的适用性扩展到非水膜混合物中的泡沫膜，突显了其更广泛的相关性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The long-standing question of why foaming is easier in seawater than in freshwater remains unresolved. In this study, we address this issue through precise interferometry single bubble experiments, demonstrating that the theory proposed by G. Marrucci (1969) provides a compelling explanation. Electrolyte solutions with varying concentrations of phosphate salts were used to study film formation and drainage, with thickness tracked by interferometry. In deionized water, bubbles rupture within seconds due to repaid dimple collapse. However, in phosphate salt solutions, bubbles persisted for several minutes. While surface tension gradients from evaporation-driven salt concentration gradients have been thought to create Marangoni stresses, our results show that despite film thinning being capillary-dominated, Marangoni-driven influx can be observed. Marrucci's theory explains this by showing that an increased interfacial area as the film thins, leads to higher salt concentration in the film due to Gibbs surface excess. This concentration gradient induces Marangoni stresses, causing flow reversal, increased film thickness, and enhanced foam stability. We show that Marrucci's theory has been incorrectly dismissed, and the predicted critical heights where fluid influx occurs closely match our findings and other studies using sodium chloride. Additionally, we extend the theory's applicability to foam films in non-aqueous film mixtures, highlighting its broader relevance.