标题： 基于血压计的收缩压测量中的低估 显示英文标题

标题： Underestimation of systolic pressure in cuff-based blood pressure measurement

摘要： 高血压（高血压症）是早逝的首要风险因素。 高血压没有症状，因此必须定期监测血压以诊断它。 在听诊法血压测量中，通过缠绕在手臂上的可充气袖带中的压力推断患者的收缩压（最大值）和舒张压（最小值）。 这种方法是所有其他非侵入性设备验证的黄金标准。 然而，听诊法测量会系统性地低估收缩压并高估舒张压。 高估是由于周围组织和动脉硬度导致需要更高的袖带压力来阻断动脉。 相反，收缩压低估的原因一直不清楚，这可能导致三分之一的收缩期高血压病例被遗漏。 当袖带充气超过收缩压时，袖带下游血管的血流会被切断。 这些下游血管中的压力会降至一个低平台。 我们开发了一种新颖的实验装置，表明下游低压是收缩压低估的关键原因。 下游压力越低，低估的程度就越大。 我们的结果得出了一种简单的物理模型，用于解释我们在装置和人体中收缩压的低估。 了解收缩压低估背后的物理学原理为制定减轻这种误差的策略铺平了道路。 显示英文摘要

摘要： High blood pressure (hypertension) is the number one risk factor for premature death. Hypertension is asymptomatic, so blood pressure must be regularly monitored to diagnose it. In auscultatory blood pressure measurement, a patient's systolic (maximum) and diastolic (minimum) blood pressure are inferred from the pressure in an inflatable cuff wrapped around the arm. This technique is the gold standard against which all other non-invasive devices are validated. However, auscultatory measurements systematically underestimate systolic blood pressure and overestimate diastolic blood pressure. Overestimation is attributed to the increased cuff pressure needed to occlude the artery because of the surrounding tissue and arterial stiffness. In contrast, the cause of systolic underestimation, which leads to potentially a third of systolic hypertension cases being missed, has remained unclear. When the cuff is inflated beyond the systolic blood pressure, the blood flow to the vessels downstream of the cuff is cut off. The pressure in these downstream vessels drops to a low plateau. We have developed a novel experimental rig that shows that the low downstream pressure is the key cause of the underestimation of systolic blood pressure. The lower the downstream pressure, the greater the underestimation. Our results yield a simple physical model for the underestimation of systolic pressure in our rig and in the human body. Understanding the physics behind the underestimation of systolic blood pressure paves the way for developing strategies to mitigate this error.