标题： 椰枣果大小性状的基因组分析及通过GWAS鉴定候选基因 显示英文标题

标题： Genomic Analysis of Date Palm Fruit Size Traits and Identification of Candidate Genes through GWAS

摘要： 经济上有重要意义的水果，包括椰枣果（椰枣），其商业价值受到多种因素的影响，如生化组成和形态特征，如大小、形状和外观，这些是决定其质量和市场价值的关键因素。 椰枣通常在干期（Tamar）食用，在此期间它们表现出广泛的物理特性，如颜色、长度、重量和表皮外观。 了解这些性状的遗传基础对于提高作物质量和培育新品种至关重要。 在本研究中，我们将来自高度多样化的椰枣栽培品种的基因组数据与干果的表型（如长度、宽度、面积和重量）相结合，鉴定了与这些性状相关的多个显著遗传位点（SNPs）。 我们还鉴定了靠近相关SNPs的候选基因，这些基因参与细胞分化、增殖、生长以及生长调节因子（如生长素和脱落酸）的信号通路调控等生物过程，这在其他植物中也有观察。 基因表达分析显示，这些基因在果实发育的早期阶段高度表达，此时果实达到最大大小和重量。 这些发现将有助于我们更好地理解果实大小的遗传决定因素，特别是在商业上重要的Tamar阶段。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The commercial value of economically significant fruits, including date palm fruit (dates), is influenced by various factors, such as biochemical composition and morphological features like size, shape, and visual appearance, which are key determinants of their quality and market value. Dates are typically consumed at the dry stage (Tamar), during which they exhibit a wide range of physical characteristics, such as color, length, weight, and skin appearance. Understanding the genetic basis of these traits is crucial for improving crop quality and breeding new cultivars. In this study, we integrated a genome dataset from highly diverse date cultivars with phenotypes of dry fruit such as length, width, area, and weight, identifying multiple significant genetic loci (SNPs) associated with these traits. We also identified candidate genes located near the associated SNPs that are involved in biological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, growth, and the regulation of signalling pathways for growth regulators like auxin and abscisic acid, as observed in other plants. Gene expression analysis reveals that many of these genes are highly expressed in the early stage of fruit development when the fruit attains its maximum size and weight. These findings will enhance our understanding of genetic determinants of fruit size particularly at the commercially important Tamar stage.