标题： 量子比率 显示英文标题

标题： The Quantum Ratio

摘要： 量子比的概念诞生于寻找一个简单但普遍的准则的努力中，以判断一个孤立的（微观或宏观的）物体的质心（CM）行为是量子力学性质的还是经典性质的，并且在什么条件下如此。 它被定义为量子涨动范围与物体线性尺寸的比值，其中量子涨动范围是纯态质心波函数的空间扩展，而物体的线性尺寸是内部束缚态波函数的空间支撑。 当这个比值小于一或远大于一时，大致分别对应于物体的质心表现出经典行为或量子力学行为。 从引入量子比的概念中引出的一个重要观点是，基本粒子（因此也包括电子和光子）是量子力学性质的。 即使环境引起的退相干使它们变成混合态，这一点依然成立。 退相干（混合态）和经典态不应被混淆。 通过分析一些原子或分子过程，这一简单的观察得到了进一步阐述。 这可能对量子力学如何运作产生深远影响，例如，在生物系统中。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The concept of the Quantum Ratio was born out of the efforts to find a simple but universal criterion if the center of mass (CM) of an isolated (microscopic or macroscopic) body behaves quantum mechanically or classically, and under which conditions. It is defined as the ratio between the quantum fluctuation range, which is the spatial extension of the pure-state CM wave function, and the linear size of the body (the space support of the internal, bound-state wave function). The two cases where the ratio is smaller than unity or much larger than unity, roughly correspond to the body's CM behaving classically or quantum mechanically, respectively. An important notion following from the introduction of quantum ratio is that the elementary particles (thus the electron and the photon) are quantum mechanical. This is so even when the environment-induced decoherence turns them into a mixed state. Decoherence (mixed state) and classical state should not be identified. This simple observation is further elaborated, by analyzing some atomic or molecular processes. It may have far-reaching implications on the way quantum mechanics works, e.g., in biological systems.