标题： 重正化力学与生长模型原细胞的随机热力学 显示英文标题

标题： Renormalized mechanics and stochastic thermodynamics of growing model protocells

摘要： 揭示定义生物细胞的膜的非平衡动力学规则对于理解生命系统的物理机制具有重要意义。我们通过理论和计算方法研究了模型原细胞——柔性准球形囊泡——与外部储层交换膜成分、内部体积和热量的行为。储层施加的过量化学势和渗透压差作为广义的热力学驱动力，调节囊泡形态。我们确定了一种相关的非平衡形态转变，即在弱驱动状态下，生长的囊泡保持准球形，而在强驱动状态下，囊泡通过发展表面皱褶来适应快速的膜吸收。这种转变是由于非平衡驱动对膜机械性能的重整化而产生的。此外，利用随机热力学的见解，我们提出了一种最小的囊泡生长-形状定律，在强驱动、远离平衡的区域中仍然具有鲁棒性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Uncovering the rules governing the nonequilibrium dynamics of the membranes that define biological cells is of central importance to understanding the physics of living systems. We theoretically and computationally investigate the behavior of model protocells -- flexible quasispherical vesicles -- that exchange membrane constituents, internal volume, and heat with an external reservoir. The excess chemical potential and osmotic pressure difference imposed by the reservoir act as generalized thermodynamic driving forces that modulate vesicle morphology. We identify an associated nonequilibrium morphological transition between a weakly driven regime, in which growing vesicles remain quasispherical, and a strongly driven regime, in which vesicles accommodate rapid membrane uptake by developing surface wrinkles. This transition emerges due to the renormalization of membrane mechanical properties by nonequilibrium driving. Further, using insights from stochastic thermodynamics we propose a minimal vesicle growth-shape law that remains robust even in strongly driven, far-from-equilibrium regimes.