标题： 基于约瑟夫森结的量子处理单元概述 显示英文标题

标题： An Overview of Josephson Junctions Based QPUs

摘要： 基于超导约瑟夫森结的量子处理单元（QPUs）有望推动量子计算的重大进步。 然而，它们面临关键挑战。 退相干、可扩展性限制以及纠错开销阻碍了实用且容错的实现。 本文通过探索基础量子现象和实际工程挑战来研究这些问题。 我们分析了决定超导量子比特行为的关键量子力学原理，如叠加态、纠缠态和退相干。 我们还详细讨论了量子隧穿效应、库珀对形成以及约瑟夫森结的操作机制。 此外，我们对替代架构进行了比较分析，包括离子阱系统和光子系统。 这种比较突显了基于约瑟夫森结的QPUs的独特优势与权衡。 我们的研究强调了材料创新和优化控制技术的关键作用。 这些进展对于减轻噪声和退相干、实现稳健且可扩展的量子计算至关重要。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Quantum processing units (QPUs) based on superconducting Josephson junctions promise significant advances in quantum computing. However, they face critical challenges. Decoherence, scalability limitations, and error correction overhead hinder practical, fault-tolerant implementations. This paper investigates these issues by exploring both fundamental quantum phenomena and practical engineering challenges. We analyze key quantum mechanical principles such as superposition, entanglement, and decoherence that govern the behavior of superconducting qubits. We also discuss quantum tunneling, Cooper pair formation, and the operational mechanics of Josephson junctions in detail. Additionally, we present a comparative analysis with alternative architectures, including ion trap and photonic systems. This comparison highlights the unique advantages and trade-offs of Josephson junction-based QPUs. Our findings emphasize the critical role of material innovations and optimized control techniques. These advances are essential for mitigating noise and decoherence and for realizing robust, scalable quantum computing.