标题： 脉冲星计时阵列的催化相变解释能否与小行星质量的原初黑洞暗物质相容？ 显示英文标题

标题： Can asteroid-mass PBHDM be compatible with catalyzed phase transition interpretation of PTA?

摘要： 原初黑洞（PBHs）可以在其附近催化一阶相变（FOPTs），可能改变相变的引力波（GW）信号。在本研究中，我们首次对超冷相变过程中高PBH数密度区域的催化效应进行了全面分析。应用带有包络近似的分析模型，我们推导了存在PBH时的GW谱的一般表达式。我们发现，在相对较小的PBH数密度下，由于大尺寸气泡的存在，GW信号会被放大。而较高的PBH数密度会抑制GW信号，因为加速的相变进行得太快。我们将研究结果进一步扩展到整体流动模型以及相变期间产生的标量诱导引力波（SIGWs）。通过使用NANOGrav 15年数据集进行数据拟合，我们发现PBH催化效应显著改变了相变参数的估计。值得注意的是，我们的气泡碰撞GW分析表明，作为整个暗物质的天体质量PBH（$10^{-16} - 10^{-12} M_\odot$）与脉冲星计时阵列信号的相变解释不兼容。然而，结合SIGWs可以减少质量范围为$10^{-14} - 10^{-12} M_\odot$的PBH的不兼容性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Primordial black holes (PBHs) can catalyze first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) in their vicinity, potentially modifying the gravitational wave (GW) signals from PTs. In this study, we present the first comprehensive analysis of this catalytic effect during supercooled PTs within the high PBH number density regime. Applying the analytical model with envelope approximation, we derive the general expressions of GW spectrum in the presence of PBHs. We find that at relatively small PBH number densities, the GW signals are amplified due to the large-size bubbles. While higher PBH number densities suppress GW signals, since the accelerated PT progresses too rapidly. We further extend our findings to the bulk flow model and to scalar-induced GWs (SIGWs) generated during PTs. By conducting data fitting with the NANOGrav 15-year dataset, we find that the PBH catalytic effect significantly alters the estimation of PT parameters. Notably, our analysis of the bubble collision GWs reveals that, the asteroid-mass PBHs ($10^{-16} - 10^{-12} M_\odot$) as the whole dark matter is incompatible with the PT interpretation of pulsar timing array signals. However, incorporating SIGWs can reduce this incompatibility for PBHs in the mass range $10^{-14} - 10^{-12} M_\odot$.