标题： 在风暴解析模拟中，潮汐锁定的类地系外行星上的闪电活动对于一系列地表压力的情况 显示英文标题

标题： Lightning activity on a tidally locked terrestrial exoplanet in storm-resolving simulations for a range of surface pressures

摘要： 云层大气会产生电放电，包括闪电。 闪电反过来提供了足够的能量将空气分子分解成活性物质，并从而影响大气成分。 围绕红矮星运行的潮汐锁定的岩石系外行星的气候可能具有强烈且高度局部化的雷暴活动，这与它们白天一侧的湿对流有关。 产生闪电的对流云的分布和结构受到各种气候参数的影响，其中关键的一个是大气质量，即地表空气压力。 在本研究中，我们使用一个全球风暴解析气候模型，在不同地表压力下预测潮汐锁定系外行星的雷暴发生情况。 我们比较了两种闪电参数化方法：一种基于冰云微物理过程，另一种基于对流云的垂直范围。 我们发现，这两种参数化方法都预测闪电量随着地表压力增加而单调减少，这是由于对流较弱和冰云较少。 行星上的闪电分布随地表压力变化而变化，响应于大尺度环流和大气垂直分层的变化。 我们的研究为潮汐锁定类地系外行星的闪电活动提供了修订后的高分辨率估计，对全球大气化学有重要意义。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Cloudy atmospheres produce electric discharges, including lightning. Lightning, in turn, provides sufficient energy to break down air molecules into reactive species and thereby affects the atmospheric composition. The climate of tidally locked rocky exoplanets orbiting M-dwarf stars may have intense and highly localised thunderstorm activity associated with moist convection on their day side. The distribution and structure of lightning-producing convective clouds is shaped by various climate parameters, of which a key one is atmospheric mass, i.e. surface air pressure. In this study, we use a global storm-resolving climate model to predict thunderstorm occurrence for a tidally locked exoplanet over a range of surface pressures. We compare two lightning parameterisations: one based on ice cloud microphysics and one based on the vertical extent of convective clouds. We find that both parameterisations predict that the amount of lightning monotonically decreases with surface pressure due to weaker convection and fewer ice clouds. The spatial distribution of lightning on the planet changes with respect to the surface pressure, responding to the changes in the large-scale circulation and the vertical stratification of the atmosphere. Our study provides revised, high-resolution estimates for lightning activity on a tidally locked Earth-like exoplanet, with implications for global atmospheric chemistry.