标题： 螳螂目系统基因组学为X染色体进程和进化辐射提供了新的见解 显示英文标题

标题： Mantodea phylogenomics provides new insights into X-chromosome progression and evolutionary radiation

摘要： 背景：螳螂，隶属于螳螂目，它们在农业、医学、仿生学和娱乐领域扮演着重要角色。然而，基因组资源的匮乏阻碍了对螳螂进化和行为的广泛研究。 结果：我们在此提供了五种螳螂物种的染色体规模参考基因组：欧洲螳螂（Mantis religiosa）、中国螳螂（Tenodera sinensis）、三角枯叶螳螂（Deroplatys truncata）、兰花螳螂（Hymenopus coronatus）和金属色螳螂（Metallyticus violaceus）。 我们发现转座子扩张是决定螳螂目基因组大小的主要力量。基于全基因组比对，我们推断螳螂目的祖先可能只有一个X染色体，并且在小螳螂超科的谱系中，X染色体与常染色体之间可能发生过易位。 此外，我们发现金属色螳螂的进化速率低于其他螳螂。我们还发现，螳螂目在白垩纪-古近纪灭绝事件后经历了快速辐射，这可能是导致物种分类混淆的原因之一。 结论：我们提供了五种螳螂物种的染色体规模参考基因组，以揭示X染色体的进化、澄清系统发育关系以及转座子的扩张。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Background: Praying mantises, members of the order Mantodea, play important roles in agriculture, medicine, bionics, and entertainment. However, the scarcity of genomic resources has hindered extensive studies on mantis evolution and behaviour. Results: Here, we present the chromosome-scale reference genomes of five mantis species: the European mantis (Mantis religiosa), Chinese mantis (Tenodera sinensis), triangle dead leaf mantis (Deroplatys truncata), orchid mantis (Hymenopus coronatus), and metallic mantis (Metallyticus violaceus). We found that transposable element expansion is the major force governing genome size in Mantodea. Based on whole-alignments, we deduced that the Mantodea ancestor may have had only one X chromosome and that translocations between the X chromosome and an autosome may have occurred in the lineage of the superfamily Mantoidea. Furthermore, we found a lower evolutionary rate for the metallic mantis than for the other mantises. We also found that Mantodea underwent rapid radiation after the K-Pg mass extinction event, which could have contributed to the confusion in species classification. Conclusions: We present the chromosome-scale reference genomes of five mantis species to reveal the X-chromosome evolution, clarify the phylogeny relationship, and transposable element expansion.