标题： 车联网中集成感知与通信（ISAC）的安全性分析 显示英文标题

标题： Sensing Safety Analysis for Vehicular Networks with Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

摘要： 集成感知和通信（ISAC）成为下一代6G无线系统的关键特性，使其能够实现高数据速率和感知精度。 尽管先前的研究主要集中在解决ISAC系统中的通信安全问题上，但同样重要的感知安全问题却大多被忽视。 本文研究了ISAC车辆网络感知安全的一个新威胁，即部署了一个恶意可重构智能表面（RIS），以破坏路边单元（RSU）的感知功能。 具体而言，恶意攻击者动态调整RIS的相位移，以欺骗车载用户（VU）的回波延迟、多普勒频移和离去角度（AoD）的感知结果。 为了实现对多普勒频移估计的欺骗，提出了一种在RIS上的时变相位移设计。 此外，分析得出了与多普勒频移相关的可行欺骗频率集。 分析结果还表明，在欺骗的多普勒频移估计下，最大似然估计器（MLE）的AoD可能会受到显著误导。 仿真结果验证了我们的理论发现，显示RIS可以使一个速度为10 m/s的VU的速度估计从0.1 m/s到14.9 m/s出现偏差，并且在只有5°波束错位的情况下，可以导致AoD估计误差高达65°{\circ }，误差范围达到65°{\circ }。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) emerged as a key feature of next-generation 6G wireless systems, allowing them to achieve high data rates and sensing accuracy. While prior research has primarily focused on addressing communication safety in ISAC systems, the equally critical issue of sensing safety remains largely ignored. In this paper, a novel threat to the sensing safety of ISAC vehicle networks is studied, whereby a malicious reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is deployed to compromise the sensing functionality of a roadside unit (RSU). Specifically, a malicious attacker dynamically adjusts the phase shifts of an RIS to spoof the sensing outcomes of a vehicular user (VU)'s echo delay, Doppler shift, and angle-of-departure (AoD). To achieve spoofing on Doppler shift estimation, a time-varying phase shift design on the RIS is proposed. Furthermore, the feasible spoofing frequency set with respect to the Doppler shift is analytical derived. Analytical results also demonstrate that the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the AoD can be significantly misled under spoofed Doppler shift estimation. Simulation results validate our theoretical findings, showing that the RIS can induce a spoofed velocity estimation from 0.1 m/s to 14.9 m/s for a VU with velocity of 10 m/s, and can cause an AoD estimation error of up to 65^{\circ} with only a 5^{\circ} beam misalignment.