标题： 英国汽车、老化理论与复杂机器的消亡 显示英文标题

标题： British Automobiles, Aging Theory, and the Death of Complex Machines

摘要： 机器长期以来被视为生物积累损伤、衰老和死亡的模型。然而，在真实世界条件下对复杂机器群体的大规模观察与分析却常常被忽略在这个框架之中。 在这里，我们分析了六千五百万台复杂机器的生存和维修模式，揭示了我们关于生物力学老化理论的基本挑战。我们测量了从2005年到2021年英国所有私人注册的二手车的可靠性、存活率以及机械故障率，利用来自3亿9700万次强制性年度检查以及数十亿份伴随的维修记录的全面样本。 这些数据显示，车辆的生存模式并非机械可靠性或累积物理"磨损"的固定结果，而是显示出非衰老和反衰老的生存模式。这些模式在多次重新分析中仍然稳健，并且在使用生存森林纠正多种外部和机械死亡率预测因子后仍然存在。 这些发现挑战了将衰老视为不可避免且累积的物理现象的观点，复杂化了我们长期将生物与机器进行比较的做法，并突显了研究复杂系统中死亡进化的新途径。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Machines provide a longstanding model for how organisms accumulate damage, age, and die. However, the large-scale observation and analysis of complex machine populations under real-world conditions is routinely missing from this framework. Here, we analyze survival and repair patterns in sixty-five million complex machines to reveal fundamental challenges to our theories of biomechanical aging. We measure the reliability, survival, and mechanical failure rates of every privately registered used vehicle in Britain from 2005-2021, using comprehensive samples from 397 million mandatory annual inspections and billions of accompanying repair records. These data reveal that vehicle survival patterns are not a fixed outcome of mechanical reliability or accumulated physical 'wear-and-tear' but display non-aging and anti-aging patterns of survival. These patterns are robust to multiple reanalyses and remain after correcting for diverse external and mechanical predictors of mortality rate using survival forests. These findings challenge the perception of aging as an inevitable and cumulative physical phenomenon, complicate our longstanding comparison of organisms to machines, and highlight exciting new pathways to study the evolution of death in complex systems.