标题： 走向量子人工智能的原子机构 显示英文标题

标题： Towards an Atomic Agency for Quantum-AI

摘要： 本文分析了美国、欧盟和中国在人工智能与量子技术（包括量子-人工智能混合技术）领域的新兴监管、出口管制和标准制定，并比较了2025年各国的立法努力，以通过各自的创新体系平衡利益与风险。尽管发现不同哲学背景下需要负责任治理的一致性，但文章指出存在来自美国“华盛顿效应”（在不确定性下过早监管）和中国“北京效应”（通过标准/数字丝绸之路传播专制规范）的风险，并且这些风险因出口管制和技术脱钩而加剧。 面对全球挑战，文章探讨了实现量子共同法的途径，即通过基础标准和灵活的法律护栏，以普遍价值观（“我们所共有的”）为基础。智能监管必须激励负责任的行为（例如，设计时考虑量子责任），并确保公平的利益/风险分配，这需要合作管理以及中美战略再连接。 这可以与类似于CERN或ITER的量子和人工智能协作研究平台相结合——模仿成功的国际资源池化模式，以促进协调的负责任创新。 实现诸如容错量子中心超级计算、算法开发和使用案例发现等目标，需要这种集体全球专业知识，同时挑战那些阻碍合作和供应链的保护主义措施。 设想中的“全球量子法”，即量子共同法，可以通过受联合国2024年人工智能决议和1968年《核不扩散条约》等先例启发的联合国量子条约来编纂，旨在使量子进展与联合国可持续发展目标等全球优先事项保持一致。 为了执行这一目标，管理军备竞赛风险并确保不扩散，“量子-人工智能原子能机构”（仿效国际原子能机构保障措施）值得认真研究。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This essay analyzes emerging AI & quantum technology (incl. quantum-AI hybrids) regulation, export controls, and standards in the US, EU, & China, comparing legislative efforts anno 2025 to balance benefits/risks via their distinct innovation systems. While finding convergence on needing responsible governance despite differing philosophies, it posits risks from a US 'Washington effect' (premature regulation under uncertainty) and a Chinese 'Beijing effect' (exporting autocratic norms via standards/Digital Silk Road), exacerbated by export controls and decoupling. Faced with planetary challenges, it explores pathways toward a harmonized Quantum Acquis Planetaire, anchored in universal values ('what connects us') via foundational standards and agile legal guardrails. Smart regulation must incentivize responsible behavior (e.g., RQT by design) and ensure equitable benefit/risk distribution, requiring cooperative stewardship and strategic Sino-American recoupling. This could be coupled with collaborative research platforms for quantum and AI (which are increasingly interdependent) akin to CERN or ITER - emulating successful international resource pooling to foster coordinated responsible innovation. Realizing goals like fault tolerant quantum-centric supercomputing, algorithmic development and use case discovery requires such collective global expertise, challenging protectionist measures that stifle collaboration and supply chains. The Quantum Acquis Planetaire, envisioned as a global body of Quantum Law, could be codified via a UN Quantum Treaty inspired by precedents like the 2024 UN AI Resolution and 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), designed to align quantum advancements with global imperatives such as the UN SDGs. To enforce it, manage arms race risks, and ensure non-proliferation, an 'Atomic Agency for Quantum-AI' (modeled on IAEA safeguards) warrants serious examination.