标题： 像素单元布局对三维传感器时序性能的影响 显示英文标题

标题： The influence of pixel cell layout on the timing performance of 3D sensors

摘要： 三维（3D）像素传感器是高辐射环境中实现四维跟踪范式的有前景的技术。尽管它们在抗辐射方面具有优势，但3D像素传感器表现出非均匀的电场和权重场，这可能会降低时间性能。本研究探讨了像素单元几何形状对IMB-CNM制造的3D柱状电极传感器时间特性的影响，比较了方形和六边形布局。这些传感器使用双光子吸收瞬态电流技术（TPA-TCT）进行了表征，提供了载流子到达时间（ToA）的高分辨率三维图谱。在多个深度和偏置电压下的测量结果显示，方形几何结构相比六边形配置产生了更均匀的时间响应。此外，引入了一种基于新型TPA-TCT的方法来确定传感器抖动，该方法依赖于在相同条件下获得的TPA-TCT脉冲序列中连续脉冲之间时间差的分析。这些发现强调了未来4D跟踪探测器像素设计优化的重要性，并确认TPA-TCT方法是详细时间特性表征的强大工具。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Three-dimensional (3D) pixel sensors are a promising technology for implementing the 4D-tracking paradigm in high-radiation environments. Despite their advantages in radiation tolerance, 3D pixel sensors exhibit non-uniform electric and weighting fields that can degrade timing performance. This study explores the impact of pixel cell geometry on the timing characteristics of 3D columnar-electrode sensors fabricated by IMB-CNM, comparing square and hexagonal layouts. The sensors were characterized using the Two-Photon Absorption Transient Current Technique (TPA-TCT), providing high-resolution three-dimensional maps of the Time-of-Arrival (ToA) of charge carriers. Measurements at multiple depths and bias voltages reveal that the square geometry yields a more uniform temporal response compared to the hexagonal configuration. Additionally, a novel TPA-TCT-based method was introduced to determine the sensor jitter, relying on the analysis of the time difference between consecutive pulses in the TPA-TCT pulse train acquired under identical conditions. These findings underline the importance of pixel design optimization for future 4D-tracking detectors and confirm the TPA-TCT method as a powerful tool for detailed timing characterization.