标题： DRAGyS -- 一个提取行星盘散射相函数的综合工具 显示英文标题

标题： DRAGyS -- A comprehensive tool to extract scattering phase functions in protoplanetary disks

摘要： 行星形成的早期阶段，包括尘粒生长和星子形成，仍然笼罩在神秘之中。分析围绕年轻恒星的盘状结构中的散射相函数（SPF）测量值，对于揭示尘粒属性的关键信息具有巨大潜力。鉴于高质量数据集的数量不断增加，需要一种高效的方法来提取SPF。DRAGyS是一种工具，旨在对环状原行星盘进行快速而全面的分析。它直接估计盘状结构的几何形状，并从散射光图像中提取总散射相函数和偏振散射相函数，无需进行任何辐射传输建模，这是先前方法的一个局限性。通过拟合椭圆到环面表面的盘状强度峰值，从而获得关键盘参数（倾角、位置角度、纵横比），假设盘状结构是圆形的。我们使用模拟的盘状图像验证了该方法，然后将其应用于六个原行星盘的九张存档偏振强度图像。DRAGyS提供了一种方法来纠正边缘增亮对SPF的影响。在已知参数的合成图像中，DRAGyS能够很好地恢复注入的几何形状和SPF。与之前未考虑边缘增亮从图像中提取的结果相比，DRAGyS对于倾角、位置角度和SPF得到相似的结果。我们展示了边缘增亮对SPF的影响显著，这影响了尘粒属性的推断。DRAGyS利用快速且纯粹几何的方法来估计环状盘状结构的几何形状。它允许高效地全局或分扇区提取SPF，使其能够处理盘状结构的不对称性。通过绕过在提取SPF前需要对盘状结构进行全面建模的需求，DRAGyS非常适合研究大量盘状图像样本。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The early stages of planet formation, involving dust grain growth and planetesimals formation, remain shrouded in mystery. The analysis of the Scattering Phase Function (SPF) measured in disks surrounding young stars holds great potential for revealing crucial information about dust grain properties. Given the increasing number of high-quality datasets available, an efficient method to extract the SPF is required. DRAGyS is a tool designed for the quick and comprehensive analysis of ring-shaped protoplanetary disks. It directly estimates the disk geometry and extracts the total and polarized SPF from scattered light images, without requiring any radiative transfer modeling, a limitation of previous efforts. Key disk parameters (inclination, position angle, aspect ratio) are obtained by fitting ellipses to the disk intensity peaks from the ring surface, assuming the disks are circular. We validated the method using simulated disk images and then applied it to archival polarized-intensity images of nine images for six protoplanetary disks. DRAGyS provides a method to correct for the effect of limb brightening on the SPF. DRAGyS recovers well the injected geometry and the SPF from synthetic images where the parameters are known. When compared to previously published results extracted from images without considering limb brightening, DRAGyS yields similar results for the inclination, position angle, and SPF. We show that the effect of limb brightening on the SPF is significant, with consequences for the inference of dust properties. DRAGyS takes advantage of a fast and purely geometrical approach to estimate ringed-disk geometries. It allows the efficient extraction of SPF either globally or by sectors, allowing it to deal with disk asymmetries. By bypassing the need for a full modeling of the disk geometry before SPF extraction, DRAGyS is well suited to study large samples of disk images.