标题： 多元宇宙宜居性预测：奇异环境的宜居性 显示英文标题

标题： Multiverse Predictions for Habitability: The Habitability of Exotic Environments

摘要： 奇异环境的相对丰度为我们提供了（未经校准的）关于这些环境相对于我们自身环境宜居性的界限，基于我们的存在并不太具特殊性这一前提。 例如，由于红恒星的数量比黄恒星多7比3，我们可以推断出红恒星的宜居性必须小于8.1倍于黄恒星，否则我们在黄恒星周围的出现将是统计上的异常值，达到$5\%$水平。 在多元宇宙背景下，奇异环境的相对丰度可能与我们宇宙中的大不相同，这有时使我们能够比仅仅限制在我们自己的宇宙内获得更强的关于它们相对宜居性的界限。 我们将这种推理应用于各种不同的奇异环境：潮汐锁定的行星、双星系统、冰卫星、流浪行星、具有不同于水特性的液体以及水世界。 我们发现，在多元宇宙背景下，关于流浪行星和水世界的相对宜居性的界限至少比仅从我们自己的宇宙得出的界限强一个数量级。 此外，认为水的一些特殊性质对于生命是必不可少的，比如冰能浮在水面并且在某些情况下它作为万能溶剂的作用，与多元宇宙假说不相容。 如果将来发现这些界限被违反，多元宇宙假设可以被高程度地证伪。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The relative abundances of exotic environments provides us with (uninformed) bounds on the habitability of those environments relative to our own, on the basis that our presence here is not too atypical. For instance, since red stars outnumber yellow stars 7 to 3, we can infer that red stars must be less than 8.1 times as habitable as yellow, as otherwise our presence around a yellow star would be a statistical outlier at the level of $5\%$. In the multiverse context, the relative abundances of exotic environments can be drastically different from those in our universe, which sometimes allows us to place much stronger bounds on their relative habitability than we would get by restricting our attention to our universe. We apply this reasoning to a variety of different exotic environments: tidally locked planets, binary star systems, icy moons, rogue planets, liquids with properties different from water, and waterworlds. We find that the bounds on the relative habitability of rogue planets and waterworlds are at least an order of magnitude stronger in a multiverse context than from our universe alone. Additionally, the belief that some of water's special properties are essential for life, such as the fact that ice floats and, with some caveats, that it acts as a universal solvent, are incompatible with the multiverse hypothesis. If any of these bounds are found to be violated in the future, the multiverse hypothesis can be falsified to a high degree of confidence.