标题： 科学为和平以及大学和民用研究机构需要民间条款的需求 显示英文标题

标题： Science for Peace and the need for Civil Clauses at universities and civilian research institutions

摘要： 二战结束后，致力于将大学和研究机构的科研活动限制在和平及民用目的上的承诺以{\it 公民条款}的形式进入了许多研究机构和大学的章程。最近世界事件发生后，一些政府和欧盟委员会发布的报告质疑了此类公民条款的相关性和范围，这一发展可能使和平与军事研究之间的区别变得模糊。本文记录了科学促进和平论坛近期组织的一次关于此问题的小组讨论所引发的思考。我们回顾了各国研究组织和机构中公民条款的采纳情况，提出了这些公民条款面临的挑战，并收集了支持维持公共（非军事）研究纯粹的民用和和平焦点的论点。 显示英文摘要

摘要： After the end of World War II, the commitment to confine scientific activities in universities and research institutions to peaceful and civilian purposes has entered, in the form of {\it Civil Clauses}, the charters of many research institutions and universities. In the wake of recent world events, the relevance and scope of such Civil Clauses has been questioned in reports issued by some governments and by the EU Commission, a development that opens the door to a possible blurring of the distinction between peaceful and military research. This paper documents the reflections stimulated by a panel discussion on this issue recently organized by the Science4Peace Forum. We review the adoptions of Civil Clauses in research organizations and institutions in various countries, present evidence of the challenges that are emerging to such Civil Clauses, and collect arguments in favour of maintaining the purely civilian and peaceful focus of public (non-military) research.