标题： 连接行星组成与形成：一种新范式浮现 显示英文标题

标题： Connecting Planetary Composition with Formation: a New Paradigm Emerges

摘要： 大规模的地基和天基探测已经描述了数千颗系外行星的特性；它们的半径、质量、围绕宿主恒星的轨道，以及它们大气层和核心化学成分测量的开端。 这些特性是如何与它们在物理和化学演化的原行星盘中的形成过程相联系的？在这些盘中，它们通过吸积小颗粒、星子和气体，并经历迁移而形成？ 为了解决这个挑战，我们的综述汇集了大量的系外行星观测数据，以及最近阿塔卡马大型毫米波/亚毫米波阵列（ALMA）和詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）对盘结构、化学成分、动力学和风的观测。 与此相关的问题在理论和磁流体力学模拟方面的最新进展也被回顾并与观测结果进行了比较。 综合来看，这篇综述认为一种新的行星形成动力学范式正在出现，在这种范式中，磁流体力学盘风而非盘湍流在盘演化和行星形成中起着核心作用，包括角动量传输、间隙和环的形成，盘天文学化学，以及行星形成和迁移。 这些过程在系外行星群体的大气组成、半径和轨道特性上留下了印记，为未来的观测测试提供了可能性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Extensive ground and space based surveys have now characterized the properties of thousands of exoplanets; their radii, masses, orbits around their host stars, and the beginnings of accurate measurements of the chemical compositions of their atmospheres and cores. How are these properties linked to their formation in physically and chemically evolving protoplanetary disks wherein they accrete pebbles, planetesimals, and gas as they undergo migration? To address this challenge, our review assembles a large and varied body of exoplanet observations as well as recent Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) and James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations of disk structure, chemistry, kinematics, and winds. The latest advances in theory and MHD simulations that bear on these issues are also reviewed and compared with the observations. Taken together, this review argues that a new dynamic paradigm for planet formation is emerging wherein MHD disk winds and not disk turbulence play a central role in disk evolution and planet formation including: angular momentum transport, gap and ring formation. disk astrochemistry, and planet formation and migration. These processes leave their mark on the resulting atmospheric composition, radii, and orbital characteristics of exoplanet populations, offering the possibility of future observational tests.