标题： 基于模型的系统工程与异质功能图论提升过程导向型生命周期分析的时空分辨率 显示英文标题

标题： Enhancing Spatio-Temporal Resolution of Process-Based Life Cycle Analysis with Model-Based Systems Engineering \& Hetero-functional Graph Theory

摘要： 生命周期分析（LCA）已成为评估产品、过程和系统整个生命周期内环境影响的重要工具。 它提供了一种系统的量化资源消耗、排放和废弃物的方法，使行业、研究人员和政策制定者能够识别可持续性改进的热点领域。 通过从原材料提取到报废处理的全面系统评估，LCA 促进了环保策略的发展，从而显著有助于可持续工程和知情决策。 尽管其优势明显且应用广泛，但生命周期分析尚未与基于模型的系统工程和分析领域的更广泛的文献相协调，这阻碍了其更普遍地融入复杂系统的开发设计。 这种不协调构成了一个重大问题，因为它妨碍了环境可持续性无缝整合到复杂系统的开发和优化中。 如果没有生命周期分析（LCA）与基于模型的系统工程（MBSE）之间的协调一致，可持续性就只能作为孤立的考虑因素，而不是系统架构和设计的固有部分。 本文的原创贡献是双重的。 首先，文章将基于过程的生命周期分析与基于模型的系统工程和异功能图论的更广泛的文献和术语相结合。 最终证明基于模型的系统工程和异功能图论是基于过程的生命周期分析的形式化一般化。 其次，文章展示了如何利用基于模型的系统工程和异功能图论来提高基于过程的生命周期分析的空间-时间分辨率，使其与系统设计目标相一致。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Life cycle analysis (LCA) has emerged as a vital tool for assessing the environmental impacts of products, processes, and systems throughout their entire lifecycle. It provides a systematic approach to quantifying resource consumption, emissions, and waste, enabling industries, researchers, and policymakers to identify hotspots for sustainability improvements. By providing a comprehensive assessment of systems, from raw material extraction to end-of-life disposal, LCA facilitates the development of environmentally sound strategies, thereby contributing significantly to sustainable engineering and informed decision-making. Despite its strengths and ubiquitous use, life cycle analysis has not been reconciled with the broader literature in model-based systems engineering and analysis, thus hindering its integration into the design of complex systems more generally. This lack of reconciliation poses a significant problem, as it hinders the seamless integration of environmental sustainability into the design and optimization of complex systems. Without alignment between life cycle analysis (LCA) and model-based systems engineering (MBSE), sustainability remains an isolated consideration rather than an inherent part of the system's architecture and design. The original contribution of this paper is twofold. First, the paper reconciles process-based life cycle analysis with the broader literature and vocabulary of model-based systems engineering and hetero-functional graph theory. It ultimately proves that model-based systems engineering and hetero-functional graph theory are a formal generalization of process-based life cycle analysis. Secondly, the paper demonstrates how model-based systems engineering and hetero-functional graph theory may be used to enhance the spatio-temporal resolution of process-based life cycle analysis in a manner that aligns with system design objectives.