标题： 加速的奥斯瓦尔德熟化作用由化学活性引起 显示英文标题

标题： Accelerated Ostwald ripening by chemical activity

摘要： 生物分子凝聚体的相分离在活细胞中无处不在，促进了酶与其底物的共定位，并实现了无膜分区。 消耗能量的过程通常用于通过对抗粗化的热力学倾向来调节生物凝聚体的增长。 同时，细胞常常利用能量来加速热力学过程。 在这里，我们从理论上探讨了利用化学反应加速生物凝聚体粗化的可能性。 我们将Lifshitz-Slyozov理论与反应扩散方法相结合，其中粒子在分相和惰性形式之间相互转换。 我们发现，尽管存在活性，质量守恒限制了体积增长的时间线性性（正如被动情况下一样），但若反应仅限于液滴外部发生，则Ostwald熟化速率可以增加任意大的因子。 我们的加速理论得到了近期关于在燃料驱动互变反应存在的情况下熟化实验的支持，完全符合预测条件。 我们认为，在合成生物学背景下，诱导快速生物凝聚体粗化的能力可能作为一种代谢通道的调节器具有优势。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Phase separation of biomolecular condensates is ubiquitous in living cells, promoting colocalization of enzymes and their substrates as well as achieving membrane-free compartmentalization. Energy-consuming processes are routinely used to regulate biocondensate growth by opposing the thermodynamic tendency toward coarsening. At the same time, cells often use energy to instead accelerate thermodynamic processes. Here, we theoretically explore the possibility of utilizing chemical reactions to accelerate biocondensate coarsening. We combine Lifshitz-Slyozov theory with a reaction-diffusion approach, wherein particles interconvert between phase-separating and inert forms. We find that mass conservation restricts the volume growth to be linear in time (as in the passive case) despite activity, though if reactions are restricted to occur only outside droplets, the rate of Ostwald ripening can be increased by an arbitrarily large factor. Our acceleration theory is quantitatively supported by recent experiments on ripening in the presence of fueled interconversion reactions, under precisely the predicted conditions. We posit that the ability to induce rapid biocondensate coarsening can be advantageous in synthetic-biological contexts as a regulator of metabolic channeling.