标题： 追求幸福 显示英文标题

标题： The pursuit of happiness

摘要： 在美国《独立宣言》中，幸福的理解与当今流行的个人快乐观念大相径庭。幸福意味着一种繁荣的生活——一种充满美德、目标以及对共同利益有所贡献的生活。 本文研究了一类我们称为“幸福人”（homo-felix）的个体群体，他们最大化一个我们称之为幸福的目标函数。 一个人的幸福取决于他们在与同伴玩的游戏中的收益，以及他们所互动的同伴的幸福程度。 个体根据这样做是否会使自己更快乐来或多或少地关心他人。 本文分析了这些相互作用在简单环境中产生的幸福反馈回路。 我们发现，个体往往更关心那些比自私自利状态下更幸福的人。 在简单的2×2博弈论情境中，我们展示了幸福人可以收敛到多种均衡状态，其中包括但超越了纳什均衡。 在n人公共品博弈中，我们表明非合作的纳什均衡是边际不稳定的，并且一个发展出亲社会行为的个体能够几乎推动整个群体进入合作状态。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Happiness, in the U.S. Declaration of Independence, was understood quite differently from today's popular notions of personal pleasure. Happiness implies a flourishing life - one of virtue, purpose, and contribution to the common good. This paper studies populations of individuals - that we call homo-felix - who maximise an objective function that we call happiness. The happiness of one individual depends on the payoffs that they receive in games they play with their peers as well as on the happiness of the peers they interact with. Individuals care more or less about others depending on whether that makes them more or less happy. This paper analyses the happiness feedback loops that result from these interactions in simple settings. We find that individuals tend to care more about individuals who are happier than what they would be by being selfish. In simple 2 x 2 game theoretic settings, we show that homo-felix can converge to a variety of equilibria which includes but goes beyond Nash equilibria. In an n-persons public good game we show that the non-cooperative Nash equilibrium is marginally unstable and a single individual who develops prosocial behaviour is able to drive almost the whole population to a cooperative state.