标题： 例外点增强的里德堡原子电磁计 显示英文标题

标题： Exceptional Point-enhanced Rydberg Atomic Electrometers

摘要： 里德堡原子因其较大的跃迁偶极矩和对外电场的极端敏感性，已成为下一代量子精密电测量的有前景候选者，引起了广泛关注。同时，非厄米系统中的例外点（EPs）为超灵敏计量开辟了新的途径。尽管非厄米物理的兴趣日益增加，但EP增强的灵敏度在里德堡原子平台中很少被探索。在这里，我们提供了在非厄米条件下基于奥特勒-汤斯（AT）的里德堡电测量的新理论理解，表明耗散从根本上改变了光谱响应，并通过EP诱导的非线性实现了灵敏度增强。实验上，我们在被动热里德堡系统中实现了二阶EP，无需增益介质或低温环境，并演示了首个EP增强的原子电表。通过调整激光和微波参数，EP可以实时调节，形成一个灵活且可扩展的平台。在EP附近，系统表现出平方根响应，响应度提高了近20倍。使用基于振幅的检测，我们在现实条件下实现了灵敏度$22.68~\mathrm{nV cm^{-1} Hz^{-1/2}}$。我们的工作建立了一个实用、可调的EP增强传感和实时控制平台，在开放系统的量子计量中有广泛意义。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Rydberg atoms, with their large transition dipole moments and extreme sensitivity to electric fields, have attracted widespread attention as promising candidates for next-generation quantum precision electrometry. Meanwhile, exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems have opened new avenues for ultrasensitive metrology. Despite increasing interest in non-Hermitian physics, EP-enhanced sensitivity has rarely been explored in Rydberg atomic platforms. Here, we provide a new theoretical understanding of Autler-Townes (AT)-based Rydberg electrometry under non-Hermitian conditions, showing that dissipation fundamentally modifies the spectral response and enables sensitivity enhancement via EP-induced nonlinearity. Experimentally, we realize a second-order EP in a passive thermal Rydberg system without requiring gain media or cryogenics, and demonstrate the first EP-enhanced atomic electrometer. The EP can be tuned in real time by adjusting laser and microwave parameters, forming a flexible and scalable platform. Near the EP, the system exhibits a square-root response, yielding a nearly 20-fold enhancement in responsivity. Using amplitude-based detection, we achieve a sensitivity of $22.68~\mathrm{nV cm^{-1} Hz^{-1/2}}$ under realistic conditions. Our work establishes a practical, tunable platform for EP-enhanced sensing and real-time control, with broad implications for quantum metrology in open systems.