标题： 无需功率流动的的技术损耗估计：一种实用的数据驱动方法用于配电网络的损耗估计 显示英文标题

标题： Estimating Technical Loss without Power Flows: A Practical, Data-Driven Approach for Loss Estimation in Distribution Grids

摘要： 全球低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）的电网面临严峻挑战。 为了支持全球脱碳努力并摆脱数百万能源贫困，这些电网必须在整合分布式可再生能源的同时承担巨大的负荷增长。 然而，几十年来快速且资金不足的基础设施扩展导致许多LMICs的国家电网处于紧张和薄弱状态，其基础设施老化、有故障且容量不足。 这种弱点的原因和症状是在能源输送过程中电网基础设施中的技术损耗过高，尤其是在配电层面；网络损耗通常被估计超过20%，而高收入国家的基准为5%。 通过有针对性的干预措施解决技术损耗对于增强电网的物理和经济实力至关重要。 不幸的是，目前用于估算和定位技术损耗的方法需要昂贵且广泛的潮流传感，而在LMIC配电系统中几乎不存在。 我们提出了一种无需潮流的技术损耗估算方法，该方法利用了电网中稀疏位置更易于获得的电压幅值测量。 该估计器使全球LMIC电网能够实现损耗估算和定位，并为有效设计、实施和评估减损干预措施提供了关键工具。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Electric grids in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across the world face an acute challenge. To support global decarbonisation efforts and raise millions from energy poverty, these grids must shoulder substantial load growth while integrating distributed renewable generation. However, decades of rapid and poorly funded infrastructure expansions have led to national grids in many LMICs that are strained and weak, composed of aging, faulty, and undersized infrastructure. A cause and symptom of this weakness is excessive technical loss within the grid infrastructure during energy delivery, particularly at the distribution level; network losses are regularly estimated to be well over 20 percent, compared to a baseline of 5 percent in higher-income nations. Addressing technical loss through targeted interventions is essential for bolstering grids' physical and economic strength. Unfortunately, current approaches for estimating and localizing technical loss require expensive, extensive power flow sensing, which is essentially absent in LMIC distribution systems. We present a novel approach to technical loss estimation without power flows, which leverages more readily available voltage magnitude measurements at sparse locations in the grid. This estimator puts loss estimation and localization within reach for LMIC grids globally, and provides a critical tool for the effective design, implementation, and evaluation of loss-reduction interventions.