标题： 探索情感体验的大脑基础中的理论负荷观察 显示英文标题

标题： Exploring Theory-Laden Observations in the Brain Basis of Emotional Experience

摘要： 在情感科学中，普遍认为民间情感类别构成了一种生物和心理类型，研究通常被设计和分析以识别特定情感模式。 这种方法塑造了研究中报告的观察结果，最终强化了指导研究的假设。 在这里，我们重新分析了一项此类基于类型学指导的研究数据，该研究报道了个体大脑模式与34种情感类别的群体平均评分之间的映射关系。 我们的重新分析基于一种替代观点，即情感类别是可变的、情境化的实例群体，并且预测在类别内的不同实例之间，大脑模式将存在显著变化。 相应地，我们的分析对数据中存在方差结构的假设非常少。 正如预测的那样，我们没有观察到原始的映射，而是观察到了个体之间的显著差异。 这些发现表明，初始假设最终可能影响科学结论，并表明在严肃对待一个假设之前，必须使用多种分析方法对其进行支持。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In the science of emotion, it is widely assumed that folk emotion categories form a biological and psychological typology, and studies are routinely designed and analyzed to identify emotion-specific patterns. This approach shapes the observations that studies report, ultimately reinforcing the assumption that guided the investigation. Here, we reanalyzed data from one such typologically-guided study that reported mappings between individual brain patterns and group-averaged ratings of 34 emotion categories. Our reanalysis was guided by an alternative view of emotion categories as populations of variable, situated instances, and which predicts a priori that there will be significant variation in brain patterns within a category across instances. Correspondingly, our analysis made minimal assumptions about the structure of the variance present in the data. As predicted, we did not observe the original mappings and instead observed significant variation across individuals. These findings demonstrate how starting assumptions can ultimately impact scientific conclusions and suggest that a hypothesis must be supported using multiple analytic methods before it is taken seriously.