标题： PANDAS：以太坊共识时间范围内数据可用性采样的对等自适应网络 显示英文标题

标题： PANDAS: Peer-to-peer, Adaptive Networking for Data Availability Sampling within Ethereum Consensus Timebounds

摘要： 分层2协议可以协助以太坊的有限吞吐量，但全球广播分层2数据会限制其可扩展性。 以太坊的Danksharding演进旨在支持分层2数据的按需分发，其在网络中的可用性通过随机数据可用性采样（DAS）进行验证。 将DAS集成到以太坊的共识过程中具有挑战性，因为分层2数据的片段必须在每个共识时段开始后的四秒内传播和采样。 现有的解决方案无法在如此严格的时间限制下支持传播和采样。 我们提出了PANDAS，在不修改其共识和节点发现协议的情况下，满足Danksharding要求的以太坊DAS集成的实用方法。 PANDAS使用轻量级、直接的交换来传播分层2数据并采样其可用性。 其设计考虑了消息丢失、节点故障和不响应的参与者，同时预见了以太坊网络扩展的需求。 我们在一个1000节点的集群中对PANDAS原型进行了评估，并进行了最多20000个对等方的模拟，结果表明它可以在4秒的截止时间内，在全球规模的延迟下允许分层2数据的传播和采样。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Layer-2 protocols can assist Ethereum's limited throughput, but globally broadcasting layer-2 data limits their scalability. The Danksharding evolution of Ethereum aims to support the selective distribution of layer-2 data, whose availability in the network is verified using randomized data availability sampling (DAS). Integrating DAS into Ethereum's consensus process is challenging, as pieces of layer-2 data must be disseminated and sampled within four seconds of the beginning of each consensus slot. No existing solution can support dissemination and sampling under such strict time bounds. We propose PANDAS, a practical approach to integrate DAS with Ethereum under Danksharding's requirements without modifying its protocols for consensus and node discovery. PANDAS disseminates layer-2 data and samples its availability using lightweight, direct exchanges. Its design accounts for message loss, node failures, and unresponsive participants while anticipating the need to scale out the Ethereum network. Our evaluation of PANDAS's prototype in a 1,000-node cluster and simulations for up to 20,000 peers shows that it allows layer-2 data dissemination and sampling under planetary-scale latencies within the 4-second deadline.