标题： 信号健康以提高Kubernetes微服务可用性 显示英文标题

标题： Signalling Health for Improved Kubernetes Microservice Availability

摘要： 微服务通常由容器编排器进行部署和管理，该编排器能够检测并修复故障，以维持许多应用中关键的服务可用性。 在基于轮询的容器监控（PCM）中，编排器会定期检查容器的健康状况。 虽然这是一种常见方法，但PCM需要仔细调整，可能会降低服务可用性，并且对容器健康状况的变化检测较慢。 另一种方法是基于信号的容器监控（SCM），当容器状态发生变化时，容器会向编排器发送信号。 我们提出了针对Kubernetes的SCM方法的设计、实现和评估，并通过一个新数学模型实证表明其优于PCM。 我们使用SockShop基准测试，在六个实验中比较了SCM和PCM的服务可用性。 SCM不需要调整轮询间隔，并且比PCM检测容器故障快86%，并且在有限的资源开销下与容器就绪情况检测时间相当。 我们发现PCM可能会错误地检测故障，这会使服务可用性降低4%。 我们认为编排器应提供SCM功能，以比PCM更快地检测故障，而不会出现错误检测或需要仔细调整。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Microservices are often deployed and managed by a container orchestrator that can detect and fix failures to maintain the service availability critical in many applications. In Poll-based Container Monitoring (PCM), the orchestrator periodically checks container health. While a common approach, PCM requires careful tuning, may degrade service availability, and can be slow to detect container health changes. An alternative is Signal-based Container Monitoring (SCM), where the container signals the orchestrator when its status changes. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of an SCM approach for Kubernetes and empirically show that it has benefits over PCM, as predicted by a new mathematical model. We compare the service availability of SCM and PCM over six experiments using the SockShop benchmark. SCM does not require that polling intervals are tuned, and yet detects container failure 86\% faster than PCM and container readiness in a comparable time with limited resource overheads. We find PCM can erroneously detect failures, and this reduces service availability by 4\%. We propose that orchestrators offer SCM features for faster failure detection than PCM without erroneous detections or careful tuning.